Water chemistry influences on long-term dissolution kinetics of CdSe/ZnS quantum dots

Widespread usage of engineered metallic quantum dots(QDs) within consumer products has evoked a need to assess their fate within environmental systems.QDs are mixed-metal nanocrystals that often include Cd~(2+)which poses a health risk as a nanocrystal or when leached into water.The goal of this work is to study the long-term metal cation leaching behavior and the factors affecting the dissolution processes of mercaptopropionic acid(MPA) capped CdSe/ZnS QDs in aphotic conditions.QD suspensions were prepared in different water conditions,and release of Zn2+and Cd~(2+) cations were monitored over time by size exclusion chromatography-inductively coupled plasm a-mass spectrometry.In most conditions with dissolved 02 present,the ZnS shell degraded fairly rapidly over～1 week,while some of the CdSe core remained up to 80 days.Additional MPA,Zn~(2+),and Cd2+temporarily delayed dissolution,indicating a moderate role for capping agent detachment and mineral solubility.The presence of H_2 O_2 and the ligand ethylenediaminetetraacetate accelerated dissolution,while NOM had no kinetic effect.No dissolution of CdSe core was observed when 02 was absent or when QDs formed aggregates at higher concentrations with 02 present.The shrinking particle model with product layer diffusion control best describes Zn2+and Cd~(2+) dissolution kinetics.The longevity of QDs in their nanocrystal form appears to be partly controlled by environmental conditions,with anoxic,aphotic environments preserving the core mineral phase,and oxidants or complexing ligands promoting shell and core mineral dissolution.     

混合单体对等离子体法改性PTFE膜微生物亲和性能的影响

膜材料氧传质性能和微生物亲和性对MABR（膜曝气生物膜反应器）的稳定运行及处理效果有重要影响,为探究混合单体对等离子体法改性PTFE（聚四氟乙烯）膜微生物亲和性能的影响,采用两步等离子体法分别在PTFE膜表面接枝聚合DOPA（左旋多巴）/GMA（甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯）、Lys（赖氨酸）/GMA、BA（苯胺）/GMA和DEA（乙二胺）/GMA四种混合单体,测定改性前、后PTFE膜的微生物亲和性,并进一步确定最佳混合单体改性PTFE膜的氧传质性能.结果表明:与未改性PTFE膜和仅接枝聚合GMA单体改性复合膜相比,DOPA/GMA、Lys/GMA、BA/GMA和DEA/GMA混合单体改性复合膜表面的微生物亲和性均有提高;Lys/GMA混合单体改性复合膜表面的微生物亲和性最佳,显著高于未改性PTFE膜,膜表面的生物量用ρ（DNA）和ρ（TOC）表示,分别为9.67 ng/μL和103.44 mg/L,比未改性PTFE膜高出34.7%和286.0%,同时其膜表面的生物量增加速度最快;DOPA/GMA和DEA/GMA混合单体改性膜表面的微生物亲和性相近,且高于BA/GMA混合单体改性膜;Lys/GMA混合单体改性复合膜的最大氧传质系数为1.17 m/d（操作压力为35 kPa）,显著高于未改性PTFE膜的0.48 m/d（操作压力为11 kPa）.研究显示,两步等离子体法接枝聚合的混合单体改性能够同时改善PTFE膜的微生物亲和性和氧传质性能,更适合于制备MABR复合膜,可为开发MABR专用膜材料提供理论基础和技术支持.      

蜂窝状活性炭研究

蜂窝状活性炭是一种新型的活性炭。简要介绍了蜂窝状活性炭的结构特性和吸附性能，重点总结了蜂窝状活性炭基催化剂的制备方法及其在催化方面的应用。     

等离子体技术在废旧塑料资源化中的应用

叙述了废旧塑料回收利用对环境的影响，介绍了废旧塑料资源化几种重要的方法及资源化中存在的问题，分析了等离子体技术在废旧塑料资源化中的特点及存在的问题，并提出了解决方法。     

Destruction of VOCs by combination of corona discharge and catalysis techniques

The catalytic effect of alumina on the destruction of toluene, benzene, acetone and methanol, in DC pulsed corona discharge reactor was studied. In the presence of alumina the inlet concentration of the VOCs was varied from ～5×10^-6mol/L to ～80×10^-6mol/L, and their decomposition efficiency (conversion %) was found to be 99%—80% for toluene, 99%—97% for benzene, 95%—92% for acetone, and 72%—85% for methanol. Corresponding decomposition in the absence of alumina was 90%—38% for toluene, 89%—57% for benzene, 42%—30% for acetone, and 47%—19% for methanol. Feed gas flow rate was 400 cm³/min and power reading from DC source was 7.4 W in all of the experiments. Alumina also shifted the CO/CO₂ ratio in the by products in favor of CO₂. Ozone concentration at the reactor outlet was higher in the presence of alumina. Enhancement in VOCs decomposition by alumina was explained on the basis of higher concentration of ozone and its precursor atomic oxygen [O] . Decomposition efficiency (conversion %) for individual compounds was found to be inversely proportional to the ionization potential of the compound, under identical conditions. Double DC high voltage sources pulse generator was tested and found to improve VOCs decomposition compared with the conventional single DC high voltage source.      

Workshop report on the extraction of foetal DNA from maternal plasma

Objective Cell free foetal DNA (cff DNA) extracted from maternal plasma is now recognized as a potential source for prenatal diagnosis but the methodology is currently not well standardized. To evaluate different manual and automated DNA extraction methods with a view to developing standards, an International Workshop was performed. Methods Three plasma pools from RhD-negative pregnant women, a DNA standard, real-time-PCR protocol, primers and probes for RHD were sent to 12 laboratories and also to one company (Qiagen, Hilden, Germany). In pre-tests, pool 3 showed a low cff DNA concentration, pool 1 showed a higher concentration and pool 2 an intermediate concentration. Results The QIAamp DSP Virus Kit, the High Pure PCR Template Preparation Kit, an in-house protocol using the QIAamp DNA Blood Mini Kit, the CST genomic DNA purification kit, the Magna Pure LC, the MDx, the M48, the EZ1 and an in-house protocol using magnetic beads for manual and automated extraction were the methods that were able to reliably detect foetal RHD. The best results were obtained with the QIAamp DSP Virus Kit. The QIAamp DNA Blood Mini Kit showed very comparable results in laboratories that followed the manufacturer's protocol and started with ≥ 500 µL plasma. One participant using the QIAamp DNA Blood Midi Kit failed to detect reliably RHD in pool 3. Conclusions This workshop initiated a standardization process for extraction of cff DNA in maternal plasma. The highest yield was obtained by the QIAamp DSP Virus Kit, a result that will be evaluated in more detail in future studies. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Cu-Ag/海泡石催化还原NO的研究

以天然海泡石为原料,对其进行酸改性并与活性氧化铝混合后作为催化剂载体,采用浸渍法制备了用于CO还原NO的Cu-Ag复合金属催化剂.对不同Ag负载量催化剂催化还原NO的活性进行了评价,考察了载体对催化剂催化活性的影响,用BET、XRD、SEM等对催化剂进行了表征.结果表明,当Ag负载量不超过5%时,复合金属催化剂性能好于单一金属催化剂;Ag负载量为2%时催化剂性能最好;采用海泡石-氧化铝混合物为载体的催化剂的孔径分布得到改善,对NO催化还原反应有更高的活性.     

植物铜耐性机理的研究进展

主要从植物根细胞壁积累固定、细胞膜对铜的吸收控制、金属配体的螯合作用、铜在系统液泡的分隔机制及胁迫蛋白的合成5个方面,分别阐述植物对铜分子的耐性机制的研究进展,全面了解了铜在植物中的亚细胞分布、铜在植物根系到地上部分运输过程的转运机制以及植物在铜胁迫下的抗性反应等。并在此基础上提出了存在的问题以及今后研究的重点。