Effect of aging level on viscoelastic properties of asphalt binder containing waste polyethylene

Due to inherent advantages, waste polyethylene (generated from domestic sources) has been used as asphalt modifier. This article discusses viscoelastic properties of the polyethylene modified asphalt binder. Several asphalt concrete mixtures were designed by varying polyethylene and asphalt content. Shredded polyethylene incorporated into asphalt concrete by dry mixing process. Using optimised asphalt content (at several polyethylene percentages), mixtures were prepared and compacted. These compacted specimens were aged for different duration in convection oven. Asphalt binder (from aged specimens) was extracted and tested for its viscoelastic properties using dynamic shear rheometer. Comparison of mastercurves indicated increase in complex modulus and decrease in phase angle values with addition of polyethylene at all reduced frequencies. However, the extent of change was highly dependent on frequency, aging duration and polyethylene content. This indicates that the addition of polyethylene provides more resilience to asphalt binder especially with less aging time. Storage modulus mastercurves (at lower frequencies) and relaxation modulus values (at longer time) indicate polyethylene provides additional stiffening to binder. Further, changes in viscous modulus with addition of polyethylene were marginal. Overall results indicate that waste polyethylene improves the properties of asphalt binder over extended loading period when heated for less time during mixing.     

电镀Cd层在海洋大气环境中的腐蚀行为研究

通过自然暴露试验,研究了航空钢结构常用的电镀Cd层在我国南部热带海洋大气环境中的腐蚀行为。采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察了电镀Cd层的表面微观结构和腐蚀形貌;采用电化学交流阻抗谱(EIS)表征了电镀Cd层在腐蚀介质中的表面细微结构及其在自然暴露过程中的变化规律,分析了镀Cd层在海洋大气环境中的腐蚀过程和腐蚀机理。研究发现,电镀Cd层在海洋大气环境中的腐蚀主要包括含Cr钝化膜的局部破损和镀层本身的腐蚀两个方面,电镀Cd层的腐蚀产物膜能够有效抑制腐蚀扩展。相对于近海户外大气环境,海洋平台户外的高湿度和高盐分大气环境对含Cr钝化膜的穿透性更强,对镀Cd层的腐蚀更加严重。     

塑料排水板超载预压法在顺德市道路建设中的应用

采用塑料排水板超载预压法进行特殊路基的设计和施工,并通过对软土路基的变形监测结果进行了分析,评价其安全性。监测结果分析表明．在等量超填土4．5t／m^2预压3个月后固结度普遍达到85％以上,软土路基固结速度很快,且路基在堆载过程中是安全稳定的。实践证明,用塑料排水板超载预压法处理深达20余米、承载力极低的淤泥质粉质粘土排水效果明显,设计与施工方案是可行的。     

高炉喷吹废塑料技术

废旧塑料造成的“白色污染”成为除大气}亏染和水污染之外的第三大污染。废旧塑料是高分子碳氢化合物,将其作为替代煤粉或重油的燃料喷吹进入高炉,既能降焦节能,又能保护环境。介绍了国外应用高炉喷吹废塑料技术的情况并分析了该技术在我国应用的可行性。     

新疆阿瓦提县废旧地膜回收利用研究

阿瓦提县地膜的过量使用使当地土壤环境逐渐恶化,严重污染了农村环境,并影响了农机作业质量的提高。通过分析2011年阿瓦提县地膜使用相关数据及地膜回收利用情况,提出了阿瓦提县地膜回收利用的优化对策:加大对"白色污染"危害性的宣传,提升广大农民群众的生态文明意识;发展废旧地膜回收利用企业,拓宽回收渠道;制定优惠政策,加大支持力度,促进废旧地膜回收利用;从农艺上防治和减少地膜残留;采取人工和机械回收相结合的措施,加大残留地膜回收力度。     

Consumer willingness to pay for plastic bags levy and willingness to accept eco-friendly alternatives in Botswana

Plastic bags, though commonly used for packaging of goods, are highly durable and non-biodegradable. Plastic bag litter serves as a negative environmental externality detrimental to animal health and natural beauty of the environment. In an effort to curtail the excessive use of plastic bags in Botswana, the government introduced a plastic levy targeted at consumers at retail points. This study uses primary data collected from 367 respondents randomly selected from six geospatially and purposively selected shopping malls to determine the consumers’ willingness to pay (WTP) for continued plastic bag usage and their willingness to accept (WTA) to shift to eco-friendly alternatives. The results of the study revealed that open dumping and burning of plastic litter are more common in Maun than in Gaborone. It also showed that there is a significant relationship between the level of education and WTP. Further, there is a significant variation in income and education in respect to environmental awareness. The government should improve its efforts of sensitizing the public about the improper disposal of plastic bags.     

负载型TiO2-xNx的制备表征及可见光催化降解亚甲基蓝

以溶胶-凝胶法制备TiO2溶胶,负载于玻璃微珠表面,在NH3气流中直接进行热处理,制备负载型掺氮纳米TiO2薄膜催化剂.选取亚甲基蓝为处理对象,结合对催化剂表面结构、晶型和紫外可见吸收的表征,对制备的催化剂进行评价.结果表明,450℃下焙烧3 h所制备的负载型催化剂为锐态矿相;可见光的范围拓展到700 nm左右;负载均...     

聚丙烯酸钠薄膜/K^＋交换玻璃光波导元件的研制及其对苯乙烯蒸气的气敏性研究

采用低分子量聚丙烯酸钠作为敏感试剂,通过旋转涂胶法固定在钾离子交换玻璃光波导表面做成纳米级的薄膜,研制了低分子量聚丙烯酸钠薄膜/K＋离子交换玻璃光波导气敏元件.将该气敏元件固定在光波导气体检测系统中,对挥发性有机物蒸气进行检测.结果表明,室温下该气敏元件对苯乙烯蒸气具有较高的选择性响应,响应和恢复速度快（分别为6 s和...     

设施番茄生产系统的环境影响生命周期评价

应用生命周期评价方法,以陕西省西安市郊区为例,对设施番茄生产系统进行了环境影响评价.结果表明,日光温室和塑料大棚生产1000kg番茄消耗的能源和水资源分别是1740.58 MJ、50.767 m3和1502.346 MJ、53.734 m3;全球变暖潜值(以CO2当量计)、环境酸化潜值(以SO2当量计)、富营养化潜值(以PO3-4当量计)、光化学烟雾潜值(以C2H2当量计)、土壤毒性(以1,4-DCB当量计)、水体毒性(以1,4-DCB当量计)和人类毒性潜值(以1,4-DCB计)分别为271.943 kg、2.151 kg、0.247 kg、0.157 kg、24.217 kg、19.545 kg、0.124 kg和239.163 kg、1.88 kg、0.305 kg、0.109 kg、31.686 kg、19.7 kg、0.304 kg.设施构筑物自身建设和维护带来的主要潜在环境影响是能源耗竭、全球变暖和环境酸化;番茄种植环节引起的主要潜在环境影响是水资源耗竭、富营养化、全球变暖、土壤毒性和水体毒性;农资生产环节的主要潜在环境影响是能源耗竭.设施番茄生产系统中对环境影响大的建材和农资是钢材、聚乙烯材料、氮肥、农药和含过量重金属的有机肥.设施番茄生产系统对环境的影响不容忽视,应展开以降低其环境影响为目标的设施结构与建材、温室内气候条件调控、合理施肥和施药的研究,并对采取的技术方法进行生命周期评价,以确保设施蔬菜的可持续发展.研究结果可为促进设施蔬菜生产系统的可持续发展提供科学依据.     

聚吡咯修饰电极测定微囊藻毒素

以微囊藻毒素(MC-LR)为模板,采用循环伏安法在金电极的表面电聚合成聚吡咯膜,制备了MC-LR分子印迹电极。在优化制备条件的基础上,对该传感器的线性范围、使用寿命、选择性等进行了研究。结果表明该传感器对MC-LR具有良好的选择性和灵敏度,在0.05⁰.30μg/mL浓度范围内呈良好的线性关系,其相对误差为3.2%,加标回收率为91.0%0.30μg/mL浓度范围内呈良好的线性关系,其相对误差为3.2%,加标回收率为91.0%¹03%,检出限为0.009 4μg/mL。