隔声薄膜褶皱对微穿孔板吸声性能的影响

为提高微穿孔板结构的吸声效果,将隔声薄膜制作成褶皱结构,加入微穿孔板后空腔中,采用驻波管法进行吸声试验,测试在125 Hz到2 000 Hz的13个1/3倍频程中心频率处的吸声系数。试验结果显示:单独的隔声薄膜褶皱结构具有一定的吸声能力,褶皱的高度对其吸声能力有一定影响;隔声薄膜褶皱结构的加入能有效提高微穿孔板的吸声性能,当褶皱高度为6 cm时,加入褶皱前后,吸声峰值由0.733提高到0.977,吸声带宽由2个(800 Hz~1 250 Hz)提高到5个(400 Hz~1 000 Hz)1/3倍频程中心频率;随着褶皱高度从2 cm提高到6 cm,复合结构的吸声系数显著增加,吸声带宽随之增大,吸声频带朝低频方向移动,当褶皱高度为6 cm时,吸声峰值达到0.977,接近全吸收。试验初步研究了隔声薄膜褶皱对微穿孔板吸声性能的影响特性,为进一步的理论计算与实际应用提供一定根据。     

异形电极调控的体声波谐振器力–电多场耦合仿真与优化

目的 抑制压电薄膜体声波谐振器(FBAR)寄生振动模态干扰,提出一种异形电极调控的谐振器新结构,并进行力–电多物理场耦合有限元建模分析与参数优化。方法 基于压电薄膜体声波谐振器的力–电耦合方程,运用有限元方法进行参数影响仿真分析,获得不同电极结构形状与敏感几何参数对应的谐振器阻抗特性及寄生振动模态干扰的影响规律,并对提出的异形电极调控谐振器几何参数进行优化。结果 新型电极结构使得薄膜体声波谐振器的导纳特性曲线更加平滑,相位波纹减少,无明显寄生谐振峰。参数优化所得框状电极宽度为6 μm、厚度为0.1 μm,谐振频率为1.727 GHz。结论 通过异形电极结构形状设计,可以实现对谐振器寄生振动模态的有效抑制,提升谐振器的性能。     

Role of Hydrophilic and Hydrophobic Interactions in Structure Development of Zein Films

Zein has been studied for its potential as a biobased polymeric material. Due to the fact that films made exclusively from zein are brittle, composites of zein and oleic acid were prepared in our lab and formed into flexible films. Film properties were believed related to their structure. X-ray scattering measurements on zein films suggested the formation of layers along the plane of the film. Oleic acid seemed to play an important role in layer formation. However, X-ray measurements could not yield information on the nature of the interface between oleic acid and zein. Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) was used to further investigate interaction between zein and oleic acid. Dynamic adsorption of zein from alcoholic solutions onto hydrophilic and hydrophobic surfaces generated by self-assembled monolayers of 11-mercaptoundecanoic acid or 1-octanethiol was monitored by SPR. It was observed that zein had a greater affinity for hydrophilic than for hydrophobic surfaces under the prevalent experimental conditions. A mechanism for structure development of zein-oleate films was proposed based on these results and previous X-ray measurements. It is suggested that the structure development involves hydrophilic adsorption of fatty acids onto the zein surface followed by hydrophobic associations leading to a layered film structure organization.     

A spectrophotometric method for detection of enzymatic degradation of thin polymer films

An assay method has been developed for monitoring the enzymatic degradation of thin films of translucent polymers. The method was based on the observation that when a solution-cast film of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) was exposed to a solution of a depolymerase fromPseudomonas lemoignei, the surface of the film roughened and the film became visibly turbid. This increase in turbidity could be measured spectrophotometrically and was reproducible during the initial stage of degradation. Turbidity correlated very closely with film weight loss early in the degradation but reached a maximum value before extensive degradation had taken place. For a given set of films, this correlation was independent of the concentration of the enzyme used, although it did vary with the mode of enzyme exposure. The turbidity was associated with the exposure of crystalline domains due to the removal of amorphous material from the film surface. The increase in crystallinity at the surface was verified by attenuated total reflectance infrared spectroscopy (ATRIR). In conjunction with SEM, weight loss, and ATRIR, the film turbidity assay provided much semiquantitative insight into the mechanism of the enzymatic degradation reaction. This assay was used to study the enzymatic degradation of films of PHBV solution blended with cellulose acetate esters (CAE). The presence of only 25% of CAE of degree of substitution 2.9 severely hampered the enzymatic degradability of PHBV, a result which is consistent with the environmental degradation of these same samples exposed to activated sludge.     

石英棒负载TiO2光催化膜的制备、表征与降解性能

利用浸涂法在石英光导棒上制得了TiO2光催化膜.用扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)等方法对膜的形貌和晶相组成进行了表征,以苯酚为模型污染物考察了膜的活性.结果表明,所制得的TiO2膜催化剂主要由锐钛矿和金红石2种晶相组成;光催化降解苯酚的效果明显优于直接光解;当苯酚初始浓度为0.98 mg/L时,反应2.5 h后的降解率为86%.     

Distribution of poly(β-hydroxybutyrate) and poly(ε-caprolactone)aerobic degrading microorganisms in different environments

To assess the capacity of the natural environment for degrading plastics, the populations of poly(-hydroxybutyrate)(PHB)-and poly(-caprolactone)(PCL)-degrading aerobic microorganisms and their ratios to the total number of microorganisms in soil samples were estimated by the plate count method with agar medium containing emulsified PHB or PCL. The numbers of the degrading microorganisms were determined by counting colonies that formed clear zones on the plate. It was found that PHB- and PCL-degrading (depolymerizing) microorganisms are distributed over many kinds of material, including landfill leachate, compost, sewage sludge, forest soil, farm soil, paddy soil, weed field soil, roadside sand, and pond sediment. Of total colony counts, the percentages of PHB and PCL degrading microorganisms were 0.2–11.4 and 0.8–11.0%, respectively. The results suggest that many kinds of degrading microorganisms are present in each environment and that specific consortia differing in biodegradation capacity are constructed.     

Analysis of the influencing factors of PAEs volatilization from typical plastic products

The primary emphasis of this research was to investigate the foundations of phthalate(PAEs) pollutant source researches and then firstly confirmed the concept of the coefficient of volatile strength, namely phthalate total content in per unit mass and unit surface area of pollutant sources. Through surveying and evaluating the coefficient of volatile strength of PAEs from typical plastic products, this research carried out reasonable classification of PAEs pollutant sources into three categories and then investigated the relationship amongst the coefficient of volatile strength as well as other environmental factors and the concentration level of total PAEs in indoor air measured in environment chambers.Research obtained phthalate concentration results under different temperature, humidity,the coefficient of volatile strength and the closed time through the chamber experiment. In addition, this study further explored the correlation and ratio of influencing factors that affect the concentration level of total PAEs in environment chambers, including environmental factors, the coefficient of volatile strengths of PAEs and contents of total PAEs in plastic products. The research created an improved database system of phthalate the coefficient of volatile strengths of each type of plastic goods, and tentatively revealed that the volatile patterns of PAEs from different typical plastic goods, finally confirmed that the coefficient of volatile strengths of PAEs is a major factor that affects the indoor air total PAEs concentration, which laid a solid foundation for further establishing the volatile equation of PAEs from plastic products.     

生物膜法A／O工艺A段脱氮动力学研究

研究了生物膜法A/O工艺A段的动力学模式，根据在碳源充足时，反硝化速率和硝酸盐浓度呈零级动力学反应，从理论得出A段Vmax、变化不大，膜单位面积传质速率（dF/dt)与基质浓度无关，与生物膜厚度（δ）成正比，dF/dt=k1A√C0-Ce,动力学参数k1=√CmaxX表明A段NO3^--N去除率与进出水浓度差的平方根和填料表面积成正比，并通过试验求出动力学系数，K1=0.016。     

塑料排水技术及其在环境岩土工程中的应用

介绍了常用塑料排水材料及其技术要求和性能;阐述了目前国内塑料排水技术在环境岩土工程中的应用状况,并就应用塑料排水技术解决岩土工程中的安全、生态和环境保护等问题提出了思路。笔者认为在岩土工程建设中,根据工程场地的地理、地质和生态环境条件,合理采用塑料排水材料,充分应用塑料排水技术,可以有效地保证工程设施的安全,实现环境岩土工程系统的相互促进和协调发展。文中同时介绍了塑料排水带真空和堆载预压地基固结渗透量的计算方法,可供参考。     

ABS工程塑料挤出机烟气净化工艺研究

采用热解釜热解ABS工程塑料碎块所产生的含有毒物质的烟气温度为160-180℃，通过热交换器将烟气温度降至40℃后，烟气进入吸收塔，用特配的ABS吸收液净化烟气中的苯乙烯、丙烯腈等有毒气体，吸收有毒气体的ABS吸收废液经活性白土再生后返回吸收塔继续使用。整个系统无新污染物产生和外排。净化效率和再生效率均达95％以上，净化后的排气可达到国家标准GB16297-96的要求。