化学合成聚3-羟基丁酸酯薄膜的生物降解性

利用土壤埋藏,海水降解,活性污泥及高等真菌降解实验对化学法合成的聚３－羟基丁酯,薄膜进行了生物降解性研究。结果表明,降解ＰＨＢ薄膜的微生分布比较广泛;     

The power of environmental norms: marine plastic pollution and the politics of microbeads

Emerging environmental norms gain strength and diffuse more quickly when scientific evidence of harm is consolidating, when activism is intensifying, and when political and corporate resistance is relatively weak. The anti-microbead norm – that plastic microbeads should be removed from personal care products – has been gaining global influence since 2012; witness the upsurge in anti-microbead activism, public concern, voluntary corporate phasedowns and governmental bans. By 2018, the world was on track to eliminate microbeads from ‘rinse-off’ products within a decade, reducing microplastics flowing into oceans by 1–2%. This confirms the power of environmental norms, but how and why this phaseout is occurring – unequally across jurisdictions, with firms creating loopholes, missing deadlines and limiting the scope of reforms – also reveals innate weaknesses of bottom-up, ad hoc norm diffusion as a way of improving marine governance. These weaknesses are heightened when economic stakes are high, solutions are complex and costly, authority is fragmented across jurisdictions and corporate resistance is strong.     

基于工艺过程分析的废旧塑料再生利用污染源研究

在分析废旧塑料再生利用工艺过程的基础上,确定了废塑料综合利用工艺的产污节点,并通过物流平衡和水平衡计算,得出了总的产排污量,为环境保护措施提供重要依据,以实现保护环境和资源合理再生利用。     

Toward maximizing the recycling rate in a Sapporo waste plastics liquefaction plant

Sapporo Plastics Recycling Co., Ltd., (SPR) started its commercial operation of waste plastics liquefaction in 2000. At first only hydrocarbon oil was reclaimed, this being derived from the waste plastics liquefaction process under the Japanese Containers and Packaging Recycling Law. Presently, thermal degradation residue and hydrochloric acid are being produced as by-products in addition to the hydrocarbon oil. As a result, the SPR plastics liquefaction plant has achieved a high reclamation rate of 96%, and 93% of the recycled products have been reused in Hokkaido, where SPR is located. The technical problems caused by corrosion and clogging have been solved. Chemical Feedstock Recycling & Other Innovative Recycling Techniques 6     

菱镁矿浮选尾矿浆液的烟气脱硫性能

以菱镁矿浮选尾矿浆液为烟气脱硫剂,采用湿法烟气脱硫技术,对模拟烟气进行脱硫研究。实验结果表明：在脱硫剂浆液质量分数10%、脱硫剂浆液温度60 ℃、脱硫时间10 min时,脱硫剂浆液的脱硫率为85%;向脱硫剂浆液中添加柠檬酸和乙二酸时均有助于提高脱硫率,当有机酸的浓度3.5 mmol/L时,添加柠檬酸的脱硫剂浆液的脱硫率为96%,添加乙二酸的脱硫剂浆液的脱硫率为90%。     

高浊度钼矿浮选废水的混凝沉淀

针对某钼矿选矿厂浮选废水,以PAC、PFS和FeCl3为凝聚剂,以APAM-A和APAM-N为絮凝剂,以H2SO4和NaOH为pH调整剂,研究了不同混凝剂、不同pH值和不同水力条件下废水处理后的浊度和COD.实验结果表明,在最佳水力条件下,原水pH不调整,以APAM-A为絮凝剂,以PAC为凝聚剂,其用量分别为15 g/t,750g/t时,处理后上清液浊度为25 NTU,COD小于30 mg/L.浮选废水经处理后回用于选矿浮选流程,大大改善了选矿指标.     

生物接触氧化法处理选矿废水的影响因素

选矿废水主要来源于有色金属矿山,具有水量大、悬浮物浓度高、重金属浓度高、有机浮选药剂浓度高等明显特征。选矿废水若直接排放,对环境的危害相当大。采用生物接触氧化法对模拟选矿废水进行了处理实验研究,考察了不同工艺条件对苯胺黑药、黄药及乙硫氮等浮选药剂去除效果的影响,结果表明:接触氧化反应器的最佳停留时间为8 h,进水最佳pH为6～7,葡萄糖投加量为0.1 mg/L时,降解效果达到最佳;此外,接触氧化反应器中微生物承受硫化物的浓度可达到120 mg/L。     

浮选处理＜0.25mm粒级废弃印刷电路板的试验研究

从废弃印刷电路板微细颗粒中富集有用金属是目前环境污染防治领域中的前沿课题,采用浮选方法对废弃印刷电路板破碎后的微细物料进行探索性浮选试验研究.借助Design-Expert7.0软件进行了废弃印刷电路板金属回收的4因素3水平浮选试验设计和结果分析,讨论了搅拌速度、充气量、矿浆温度及矿浆质量浓度对浮选效果的影响,给出了金...     

废纸浆造纸废水处理工程实践

针对造纸废水中CODCr,SS等浓度较高的特征，以某年产5万t包装纸厂为例，采用水解酸化-CASS-气浮联合工艺处理某废纸纸浆造瓦楞纸项目废水，一年多的运行结果表明：整个废水处理系统的CODCr去除率大于97％，出水中CODCr，BOD5和SS质量浓度分别为60-80mg／L，10-20mg／L和60-80mg／L。整个废水系统投资和运行费用低，投资规模在0.05-0．06万元／（m^3·d），运行费用≤0．6元／m^3。     

Analysis of Products Generated from the Thermal and Catalytic Degradation of Pure and Waste Polyolefins using Py-GC/MS

The possibility of transforming waste plastics into valuable hydrocarbons via catalytic cracking and reforming is attracting increasing interest. Pyrolysis coupled with Gas Chromatographic separation and Mass Spectrometry detection (Py-GC/MS) has been used in this work to study the product selectivity of various catalysts in the conversion of pure and residual polyethylene samples into hydrocarbon products. Five acid solids of comparable aluminium contents but different textural and acid properties were tested as catalysts, including three zeolites (standard ZSM-5, nanocrystalline n-ZSM-5 and Beta) and two mesostructured solids (Al-MCM-41 and Al-SBA-15). Thermal cracking of the pure and residual polymers generated a similar range of products to each other, with a high proportion of linear paraffins and olefins of varying lengths. The presence of zeolitic materials resulted in complete elimination of heavy linear products, an increase in the light hydrocarbon fraction and a marked selectivity towards the formation of single-ring aromatic species, particularly benzene, toluene and xylene. Aromatic formation was particularly notable with the small crystal size n-ZSM-5 (aromatic selectivity up to 53.9%) and less marked in the case of standard ZSM-5 (up to 36.4%) and Beta zeolite (up to 35.0%). Mesostructured catalysts like Al-MCM-41 and Al-SBA-15 favoured the production of light C₂–C₅ hydrocarbons (up to 57.9%) while the formation of aromatic products was significantly lower than with zeolitic materials. The paper examines the extent and the causes for this product selectivity and discusses its connection with the acid and textural properties of each catalyst. It was also observed that, under the experimental conditions employed, the products generated were not significantly affected by the nature and origin of the polymers employed.