Prenatal rupture of a left ventricular diverticulum: a case report and review of the literature

Congenital left ventricular diverticulum is a rare malformation. We report a case of a ruptured congenital left ventricular diverticulum in a 24-week-old fetus. The fetus was referred for a large and circumferential pericardial effusion confirmed by cross-sectional echocardiography in our tertiary fetal cardiology unit. Pericardiocentesis removed 25 mL of old hematic fluid. The fetus died 5 days later. The pathological examination showed a ruptured submitral fibrous diverticulum of the posterior wall of the left ventricle. There is no previous report in the literature of prenatal rupture of a cardiac diverticulum. The submitral location and the fibrous wall of the diverticulum is uncommon. As regards this case, we reviewed the diagnostic criteria and the outcome of 11 cases of prenatal cardiac diverticulum reported in the literature. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Successful early in utero management of fetal hydrothorax in a twin pregnancy

We present a case of dichorionic diamniotic twin pregnancy in which one of the fetuses was found to have a major pleural effusion at 15 weeks of gestation. A single-needle pleural fluid aspiration was performed at 15 and 16 weeks, but the fluid reaccumulated quickly after each procedure and at 16 weeks, the fetus was found to become progressively hydropic. A shunt was then successfully inserted at 17 weeks, which is the earliest gestation reported so far in the literature for such a procedure to treat isolated hydrothorax. Because we felt that the fetus would be too small for a classical double-pigtail pleuroamniotic shunt, we used a multilength double-pigtail bladder stent (Harrison drain; Cook; Spencer; Indiana; USA) via a 13-gauge echo tip trocar. This shunt could be used for both singleton and twin pregnancies presenting with fetal pleural effusion from as early as 16 to 17 weeks to prevent the development of fetal hydrops and polyhydramnios and subsequent premature delivery. Treatment at this stage of gestation would also minimize the risk of lung hypoplasia, which is the main clinical issue when shunts are inserted after 24 weeks. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Prenatal diagnosis of ventricular septal defect and overriding aorta at 14 weeks' gestation,using trans vaginal sonography

Two fetuses with heart abnormalities were detected by transvaginal sonography at 14 weeks of gestation. In the first fetus, a ventricular septal defect and an overriding aorta were detected and a diagnosis of tetralogy of Fallot was suggested. In addition, cystic hygroma and omphalocoele were visualized and the cytogenetic study revealed trisomy 18. In the second fetus, ventricular septal defect, pericardial effusion, and omphalocoele were detected.     

Isolated fetal hydrothorax with hydrops: a systematic review of prenatal treatment options

Objective To evaluate the effect of prenatal therapeutic interventions on perinatal outcome in pregnancies complicated by isolated fetal hydrothorax with hydrops. Methods A systematic review of the literature from January 1982 to January 2006 of perinatal outcome in pregnancies with isolated fetal hydrothorax with hydrops with any form of prenatal treatment was conducted. Results Forty-four articles met our selection criteria, reporting a total of 172 fetuses treated prenatally. Reported treatment options were single (n = 13) or serial thoracocentesis (n = 18), thoraco-amniotic shunt placement (n = 100) or a combination of thoracocentesis and shunting (n = 36). Four case-reports described pleurodesis with OK-432, (n = 3) and intrapleural injection of autologous blood (n = 2). Overall survival rate was 63%, ranging from 54% for single thoracocentesis to 80% in the 5 cases treated with pleurodesis, without statistically significant differences between the treatment modalities. Shunt-placement with or without prior thoracocentesis was most often described, with survival rates of 67 and 61% respectively. Discussion The available literature consists exclusively of case reports and case series. This systematic review suggests that with prenatal intervention, perinatal survival rates around 63% are possible. There is a need for prospective, adequately controlled studies with long-term follow-up to determine the best treatment and more reliable outcome data in pregnancies complicated by fetal hydrothorax with hydrops. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

In utero sonographic diagnosis of diaphragmatic hernia with hepatic protrusion into the pericardium mimicking an intrapericardial tumour

A case of right-sided congenital diaphragmatic hernia was detected at 33 weeks of gestation. Fetal echocardiography revealed the presence of an intrapericardial mass (3.5 × 3 cm) localized at the right of the heart and surrounded by a massive pericardial effusion. This mass had the same echogenicity as the liver, with which it shared vascular channels. The diagnosis of right diaphragmatic hernia with protrusion of hepatic tissue into the pericardial sac and secondary pericardial effusion was made and confirmed after birth. In utero diagnosis of this anomaly enabled correct assessment of perinatal risk, and optimal fetal and infant management.     

某集气站分离器积液包内防腐技术研究

目的提高分离器积液包的内防腐性能。方法首先通过实验对THF8110-I耐湿热重防腐涂料面漆及带锈底漆所构成的防腐涂层进行了外观、耐磨性、硬度、附着力、耐盐雾、耐腐蚀方面的性能检测,以确定其是否符合现场积液包内防腐的需要。然后通过相关规范设计计算所需牺牲阳极的质量及数量,在此基础上借助BEASY软件模拟,得到不同阳极材料在不同布置方式下积液包内壁的电位分布情况,进行材料优选,并分析阳极布置方式对阴极保护效果的影响。最后,模拟得到阳极在焊接和螺栓连接两种不同固定方式下积液包内壁的电位分布情况,以选择合适的固定方式,螺栓连接时,改变阳极与积液包底端的距离,以确定合适的距离。结果 THF8110-I耐湿热重防腐涂料面漆及带锈底漆所构成的防腐涂层各方面性能均达到标准要求,同种布局方式下,铝阳极对积液包形成的保护电位总是比锌阳极更负,而阳极材料相同时,五种布置方式下积液包内壁的电位范围之差不超过1 mV。与焊接相比,螺栓连接且阳极距离积液包底端为150mm时,积液包内壁的电位分布最为均匀。结论采用防腐涂层结合牺牲阳极保护的方式提高了积液包内壁的防腐能力。其中,防腐涂层由THF8110-I耐湿热重防腐涂料面漆及带锈底漆所构成,牺牲阳极保护方案中,采取四支铝阳极在积液包底端均布的方式阴极保护效果最好,且阳极与积液包的固定方式选择螺栓连接,阳极与积液包底端的距离为150 mm。