环境激素双酚A释放及降解进展

通过对环境激素双酚A的概念、危害、应用、释放、降解与去除的介绍，指出在今后的科研工作中，加强双酚A降解菌的筛选，并研究其生理、生化、遗传特性，对从分子水平了解其降解机制以及构建高效工程菌具有重要意义。     

Enhanced activity of ZnS(111) by N/Cu co-doping:Accelerated degradation of organic pollutants under visible light

High-efficiency photocatalysts are of great significance for the application of photocatalytic technology in water treatment.In this study,N/Cu co-doped ZnS nanosphere photocatalys(N/Cu-ZnS) is synthesized by a hydrothermal method for the first time.After doping,the tex ture of nanosphere becomes loose,the nanometer diameter is reduced,making the specific surface area of catalyst increased from 34.73 to 101.59 m²/g.The characterization results show that more ZnS (111) crystal planes a...     

一株硝基苯高效降解菌的筛选及其降解特性

自南京化工厂下水道底泥和废水处理系统曝气池活性污泥中驯化分离得到一株能快速降解硝基苯的菌株,初步鉴定其为不动杆菌属菌株。该菌株降解硝基苯的最适宜环境条件为温度25℃～35℃,pH7～8,振荡速率大于120r/m。在适宜环境条件下,该菌株能够在24h内全部降解初始浓度不超过400mg/L的硝基苯,该浓度范围内硝基苯的降解过程符合零级动力学特征;当硝基苯的初始浓度超过400mg/L时,降解菌的生长受到毒害作用,该浓度范围内硝基苯的降解在开始有一个明显的停滞期,降解过程不再符合零级或一级动力学特征。     

白腐真菌降解造纸废水的规律研究

在白腐真菌降解造纸废水的基础上，建立降解反应模型并推导出降解参数方程，并对其进行分析。     

Enzymatic degradation of poly([R,S] β-hydroxybutyrate)

The synthetic analogue of a bacterially produced polyester, poly(-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) was synthesized from racemic -butyrolactone using anin situ trimethyl aluminum-water catalyst. The polymer was fractionated into samples differing in molecular weight and isotactic diad content. The latter was closely related to degree of crystallinity. The biodegradation of these fractions were examined by monitoring mass loss over time in the presence of anAlcaligenes faecalis T1 extracellular bacterial poly(-hydroxybutyrate) depolymerase. The fraction with high isotactic diad tacticity content showed little or no degradation over a 50 hour incubation period, whereas the fraction of intermediate isotactic diad content degraded in a continuous steady fashion at a rate that was less than that for bacterial PHB. The low isotactic diad fraction underwent a rapid initial degradation, followed by no further mass loss. The presence of stereoblocks in the polymer structure of the various fractions was an influence on the degree of susceptibility towards degradation and is related to sample crystallinity.     

BUILDUP,WASHOFF, AND EVENT MEAN CONCENTRATIONS1

ABSTRACT: Most watershed water quality simulation models require the user to specify pollutant buildup and washoff rate parameters for pollutants, by land use. Buildup and washoff rates are difficult to measure directly, and only limited guidance and few observed data are available from the literature. Many studies, however, report storm event mean concentrations (EMCs). These EMCs must arise as a result of the buildup and washoff processes, but typically represent the net contribution from a variety of pervious and impervious surfaces. This paper explores the relationship between EMCs and buildup/washoff parameters. An assumption of the mathematical form of the buildup/washoff relationship gives an algebraic expression for the EMC consistent with model assumptions. This yields techniques to separate observed EMCs into contributions from different land uses and from pervious and impervious surfaces. Given this relationship, numerical optimization may be used to estimate site specific values of buildup and washoff parameters from observed storm EMCs for use in modeling. Use of this approach helps ensure that model parameters are consistent with observed data, providing a rational starting point for final model calibration. Several site examples demonstrate use of the method.     

Comparing Environmental Conditions Using Indicators of Pollution Hazard

/ Land use/land cover classifications for 1973 and 1991, derived from the interpretation of satellite imagery, are quantified on the basis of biophysical land units in a study area in southeastern Australia. Nutrient export potentials are estimated for each land unit based on their composition of land use/land cover classes. Spatial and temporal comparisons are made of the land units based on the calculated pollution hazard indicators to provide an insight into changes in the state of the environment and the regional significance of land use changes. For example, one ecosystem, unique to the study, showed a large increase in pollution hazard over the study period as a manifestation of an 11-fold rise in cleared area and an expansion of cropping activities. The benefits to environmental management in general are discussed.KEY WORDS: Land cover change; Nutrient export; Environmental condition; Pollution hazard; Agricultural pollution; Nonpoint source pollution; Diffuse pollution; Environmental degradation     

生态条件和瘤胃菌丛密度与纤维分解的关系

在自行设计装配的人工模拟瘤胃发酵装置内，用90523-1瘤胃菌丛进行瘤胃体外发酵试验，结果表明纤维素的分解与瘤胃细菌的密度及其类群变化有着密切关系，都受生态环境条件的制约。在发酵温度40℃，搅拌速度为60～70r／min的条件下搅动20min／h，C／N为10：1的生态条件环境中的细菌密度和纤维素分解率都高于相同生态条件的其它梯度组。     

太阳能光催化降解法去除水中罗丹明染料的研究

在太阳光的紫外线辐射下，应用载有ＴｉＯ２薄层的平板式光催化反应器，进行了光催化降解法去除水中罗丹明染料的试验，结果表明，当紫外线辐射强度平均为３３Ｗ／ｍ＾２，反应时间为１８ｍｉｎ时，水中罗丹明染料浓度由１０ｍｇ／Ｌ降至０．０１ｍｇ／Ｌ，在室国家排放标准，探讨了太阳能光催化反应系统的改进方向及工业化应用的有关问题。     

石油污染生物修复技术研究

本文概述了影响石油污染物生物降解修复处理的多种因素，对石油污染生物处理技术的发展进行了展望。其中主要影响因素包括：菌种的影响，菌种在不同的环境中和对不同碳链长度的碳氢化合物表现出不同的降解效率；石油物质本身物理化学特性的影响，如石油物质在水体或土壤中的浓度以及石油的粘度、沸点、折射率等特性；生存环境条件的影响，在接种入高效率的降解菌或利用土著微生物进行降解时，降解率受到生存环境中各种条件的影响，如表面活性剂、光照条件、吸附剂的利用、营养盐、共代谢底物、氧气、温度、盐度等。