Chromatographic fingerprinting as a means to predict degradation mechanisms

The degradation products of polymers are identifiable by chromatography. The degradation product patterns (or fingerprints) formed depend on the type of polymer, the degradation mechanism(s), and also the type of additive present in the material. The chromatographic fingerprint of biotically aged degradable low-density polyethylene (i.e., LDPE+starch+prooxidant) shows, in particular, the absence of low molecular weight carboxylic acids, which suggests an assimilation of these carboxylic acids by the microorganisms. The degradation products of natural polymers are usually intermediates that are used again in the anabolic cycles. It is possible to transfer the terminology from the natural polymers, where the catabolism of natural polymers consists of three stages, and apply this also to the degradable synthetic polymers. During stage I the natural polymers degrade to their major building blocks (e.g., amino acids, glycerol, hexoses, pentoses, etc.), during stage II these products are collected and converted to a smaller number of even simpler molecules [e.g., acetyl-coenzyme A (CoA)]. In stage III, finally, the acetyl-CoA enters the citric acid cycle, where energy is gained in parallel with the release of CO₂ and H₂O.Presented at the international workshop,Polymers from Renewable Resources and their Degradation, Stockholm, Sweden, November 10–11, 1994.     

浅水湖泊群水质模型的近似解析解法

为了实现在一般微机上也能模拟浅水湖泊群的水质变化，从水质变化的基本控制方程出发，根据浅水湖泊群的水流特征与污染物迁移特性，首先建立了浅水湖泊群ＢＯＤ－ＤＯ模型，然后针对恒定水流和污染源稳定排放污水的情形，把处于湖泊边界上的污染源所面临的湖面视为半无限区域，并考虑到浓度的可叠加性，提出了浅水湖泊群ＢＯＤ－ＤＯ模型的近似解析解法。实例结果表明，这种解法计算工作量和存储量都较小，在一般微机上即能进行，且计算准确度基本上能满足工程实际要求。     

氯苯降解性质粒pL1限制性酶消化和物理图谱

大量提取Ｌ１菌质粒并用低熔点琼脂糖回收。用５种限制性核酸内切酶消化，所得片段数分别是：ＨｉｎｄⅢ４，ＢａｎＨⅠ１６，ＸｂａⅠ４，ＰｓｔⅠ１５，ＳｍａⅠ１２。从各片段的累加测出该质粒的平均大小约为９２．５ｋｂ，分子量为６０．０９×１０＾６ｄａｌｔｏｎ。在单酶消化的基础上，用ＨｉｎｄⅢ／ＸｂａⅠ、ＨｉｎｄⅢ／ＢａｎＨⅠ、ＸＢａⅠ／ＢａｎＨⅠ双酶消化，以及ＢａｍＨⅠ部分消化，由此组建了ＨｉｎｄⅢ／Ｘｂａ     

SBR工艺处理含酚废水的研究

为了更有效地利用SBR工艺解决大型酚醛树酯生产企业所产生的大量含酚废水的难题 ,通过中试研究 ,分别对SBR工艺的关键参数 (如 :曝气时间、排放比、进水方式等 )进行了对比试验 ,从而获得了较佳的运行参数和运行效果 ,为实际工程应用提供技术参数     

Structural and photocatalytic properties of TiO2 films fabricated on silicon substrates by MOCVD method

Silicon(111) and Silicon(100) were employed for fabrication of TiO2 films by metal organic chemical vapor deposition( MOCVD).Titanium(Ⅳ) isopropoxide(Ti[O(C3H7)4]) was used as a precursor. The as-deposited TiO2 films were characterized with FE-SEM, XRD and AFM. The photocatalytic properties were investigated by decomposition of aqueous Orange Ⅱ. And UV-VlS photospectrometer was used for checking the absorption characteristics and photocatalytic degradation activity. The crystalline and structural properties of TiO2 film had crucial influences on the photodegradation efficiency. For MOCVD in-situ deposited films on Si substrates, the photoactivities varied following a shape of “M”: at Iower(350℃ ), middle(500℃ ) and higher(800℃ ) temperature of deposition, relative lower photodegradation activities were observed. At 400% and 700% of deposition, relative higher efficiencies of degradation were obtained, because one predominant crystallite orientation could be obtained as deposition at the temperature of two levels, especially a single anatase crystalline TiO2 film could be obtained at 700℃.     

试析环境保护手段

环境问题的外部性使得环境保护需要政府的介入;环境保护的手段按照是否影响成本收益可分为经济手段与非经济手段;通过比较不同环保手段的优缺点,分析如何进行环保制度安排来实施政策措施.     

亚甲基兰分光光度法测定气态硫化氢方法研究

对气态污染物H2S测定方法亚甲基兰分光光度法进行了深入细致地探索研究,得出该方法最佳实验室测定条件,包括标准溶液和吸收溶液的选择,显色剂和样品的稳定时间,SO2、NOx对测定方法的影响以及样品的吸收效率等。实验结果表明,该方法校准曲线斜率为0.148～0.151吸光度/μgH2S·11mL,标准偏差1.2×10\+-3,环境监测样品回收率为84%～89%。     

天然矿物锰矿砂对苯酚的界面吸附与降解研究

研究了天然矿物锰矿砂对苯酚的界面吸附与降解，结果表明锰矿砂对苯酚具有较强的吸附作用，较高温度，低ｐＨ值，固相与苯酚的较高质量比值有利于苯酚的吸附。吸附过程遵循二级反应动力学，吸附等温线为Ｌａｎｇｍｕｉｒ型。应用简化的表面络合反应模式，求得了不同条件下的条件稳定常数及吸附苯酚的表面总吸附位。     

酞酸酯类有机毒物在土壤中降解规律的研究

研究了酞酸酯ＤＥＨＰ和ＤＢＦ二种增塑剂在土壤中降解规律，结果表明：土壤中ＤＥＨＰ和ＤＢＰ的降解速率可以用一级动力学方程描述，不同类型土壤对酞酸酯的降解能力是有所差别的，ＤＢＰ在土壤中比ＤＥＨＰ容易降解，土壤灭菌后，降解能力明显降低，按种接解微生物后，土壤中ＤＥＨＰ降解速率明显加快，土壤含水量和温度影响ＤＥＨＰ和ＤＢＰ的降解速率；本试验从土壤中分离出降解ＤＥＨＰ的细菌９株和真菌１１株。