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991.
感潮河段水环境容量计算方法探讨 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
对感潮河段水环境容量的污染物允许排放量的概念进行了分析,提出了基于动态的水质模型并利用计算机仿真和线性规划来进行感潮河段水环境容量计算的基本方法,该文着重介绍计算感潮河段水环境容量的技术方法,通过简化的计算实例对具体过程进行了说明,其原理成立,方法可行。 相似文献
992.
半渗透膜采样技术在有机污染物分析中的应用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
SPMD对亲脂性有机污染物具有富集倍数高(105),样品前处理简单,易于保存、携带,重现性好等特点。有可能成为一种新的相对标准监测方法。可用于研究有机污染物在空气、生物、污水处理、海水、沉积物河水、迁移规律以及水动力学模型的工具,进而可直接研究有机污染物有关的生态毒理实验。 相似文献
993.
膜—生物反应器特性影响因素研究 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
通过对外压管式膜组件与曝气池构成的好氧膜生物反应器的研究,分别考究膜组件的操作压力,膜面流速以及活性污泥混合液的污泥浓度,溶解性有机特的含量和温度等对膜通量的影响。 相似文献
994.
995.
用气流输送轨迹分析上海,重庆,贵阳的酸雨特点及其比较 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
用降雨时的气流输送轨迹,分析了上海、重庆和贵阳三地的酸雨特点和成因。研究表明,重庆和贵阳的酸雨,主要是受局地污染源的影响,远距离外来污染影响不大;但贵阳在静止锋天气时的酸雨,可能也受远处输送来的外来污染的影响。上海地区的酸雨,除受局地污染源的影响外,还受远处外来污染的影响。 相似文献
996.
997.
S. Christensen P. Ambus J.R.M. Arah H. Clayton B. Galle D.W.T. Griffith K.J. Hargreaves L. Klenzedtsson A.-M. Lind M. Maag A. Scott U. Skiba K.A. Smith M. Welling F.G. Wienhold 《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》1996,30(24):4183-4190
The soil in a drained fjord area, reclaimed for arable farming, produced N2O mainly at 75–105 cm depth, just above the ground water level. Surface emissions of N2O were measured from discrete small areas by closed and open-flow chamber methods, using gas chromatographic analysis and over larger areas by integrative methods: flux gradient (analysis by FTIR), conditional sampling (analysis by TDLAS), and eddy covariance (analysis by TDLAS). The mean emission of N2O as determined by chamber procedures during a 9-day campaign was 162–202 μg N2ONm−2h−1 from a wheat stubble and 328–467 μg N2ONm−2 h−1 from a carrot field. The integrative approaches gave N2O emissions of 149–495 μg N2ONm−2 h−1, i.e. a range similar to those determined with the chamber methods. Wind direction affected the comparison of chamber and integrative methods because of patchiness of the N2O emission over the area. When a uniform area with a single type of vegetation had a dominant effect on the N2O gradient at the sampling mast, the temporal variation in N2O emission determined by the flux gradient/FTIR method and chamber methods was very similar, with differences of only 18% or less in mean N2O emission, well below the variation encountered with the chamber methods themselves. A detailed comparison of FTIR gradient and chamber data taking into account the precise emission footprint showed good agreement. It is concluded that there was no bias between the different approaches used to measure the N2O emission and that the precision of the measurements was determined by the spatial variability of the N2O emission at the site and the variability inherent in the individual techniques. These results confirm that measurements of N2O emissions from different ecosystems obtained by the different methods can be meaningfully compared. 相似文献
998.
A flux estimate of PCDDs and PCDFs through a waste water treatment plant has been made on an annual basis. The samples were collected from different steps in the treatment procedure within the plant i.e. inlet and outlet water, different sludge types and air samples. From the surroundings of the plant were collected samples of urban air, storm sewer water (urban runoff), plant discharge water and settling particulates from a sediment trap downstream the plant discharge. Differences in congener profiles were found between the samples taken within the plant compared to those collected outside. The flux of PCDD and PCDF equivalents through the plant was found to be approximately 0.4 – 0.5 g/year and the major part was taken away as digested sludge. 相似文献
999.
1000.
Olson PE Flechter JS Philp PR 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2001,8(4):243-249
The natural attenuation of polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the vadose zone of a naturally revegetated former industrial sludge basin (0.45 ha) was examined. This was accomplished by comparing the concentration of 16 PAH contaminants present in sludge collected below the root zone of plants with contaminants present at 3 shallower depths within the root zone. Chemical analysis of 240 samples from 60 cores showed the average concentration of total and individual PAHs in the 0-30 cm, 30-60 cm, and bottom of the root zone strata were approximately 10, 20, and 50%, respectively, of the 16, 800 ppm average total PAH concentration in deep non-rooted sludge. Statistically significant differences in average PAH concentrations were observed between each strata studied and the non-rooted sludge except for the concentrations of acenaphthene and chrysene present at the bottom of the root zone in comparison to sludge values. The rooting depth of the vegetation growing in the basin was dependent on both vegetation type and plant age. Average rooting depths for trees, forbs (herbaceous non-grasses), and grasses were 90, 60, and 50 cm, respectively. The deepest root systems observed (100-120 cm) were associated with the oldest (12-14 year-old) mulberry trees. Examination of root systems and PAH concentrations at numerous locations and depths within the basin indicated that plant roots and their microbially active rhizospheres fostered PAH disappearance; including water insoluble, low volatility compounds, i.e. benzo(a)pyrene and benzo(ghi)perylene. The reduced concentration of PAHs in the upper strata of this revegetated former sludge basin indicated that natural attenuation had occurred. This observation supports the concept that through appropriate planting and management practices (phytoremediation) it will be possible to accelerate, maximize, and sustain natural processes, whereby even the most recalcitrant PAH contaminants (i.e. benzo(a)pyrene) can be remediated over time. 相似文献