松花江干流洪水预测和影响评估及对策建议

根据历史数据,分析了松花江干流(哈尔滨段)水位变化的历史规律和典型洪水年洪水的成因,计算和分析了其与松花江、嫩江、二松流域面雨量的相关性,统计和分析了其与拉尼娜、厄尔尼诺、太阳黑子等的关系.利用方差周期和均生函数方法,建立了2004-2013年拉尼娜、厄尔尼诺、太阳黑子及松花江、嫩江、二松流域面雨量的预测方法,并进行了预测,建立了松花江干流(哈尔滨段)最高水位趋势的综合预测方法,得出了2004-2013年的预测值.提出了相应治理的对策建议.     

Soils Characteristics of The Bassendean and Spearwood Sands of the Gnangara Mound (Western Australia) and their Controls On Recharge, Water Level Patterns and Solutes of The Superficial Aquifer

The flow pathways of water in the soils of the Gnangara Mound are highly irregular and depend upon the moisture content, the repellency and preferential wettability potential of the soils. The occurrence of preferential flow is more evident in dry soils. As the soil wets during the rainy season, the water repellence and differential wettability decreases, the fingering and the preferential flow paths disappear. Most of the agricultural sites in the Spearwood Sands which showed more irregular flow than the Bassendean Sands are under continuous irrigation during cultivation season. As the repellency problems are chemically treated, it is therefore expected that the flow will be more uniform all the year round. Landuse is mainly responsible for variation in recharge rates; however, the hydraulic properties control aquifer response and water level pattern to a greater degree. Water levels in the mid 1970s were in a semi steady state. Since that time, a combination of increasing water use by pine plantations, heavy pumping from private boreholes in market gardens and private homes and intensive pumping from the Gnangara Mound for the metropolitan water supply have caused water levels to continually decline in the Superficial aquifer. Nitrate and phosphate concentrations in the regional Superficial aquifer are generally very low. None of the tested pesticides (atrazine, diazinon, dimethoate, endosulfan, fenamiphos, iprodione, malathion and chlorpyrifos) were detected in the groundwater samples collected from the monitoring bores.     

新疆建筑材料用原料及其建材产品的辐射水平

报道了分布在新疆雏吾尔自治区15个地州市100多个厂矿的建筑材料用原料及其建材产品的放射性检测结果。多数建材用原料及产品的放射性水平低于国家规定的限制(控制)标准，对公众是安全的；少数地区部分建材的放射性高于限制标准，不能用作建材。必须健全对建材的放射性检测和管理制度。     

基于卫星测高数据的2002～2018年太湖水位变化监测

针对传统水位监测方法的弊端以及太湖水位变化监测的现实需求,基于Envisat和Cryosat-2测高数据,采用Morlet小波分析、Mann-Kendall检验法研究2002年6月～2018年12月近20a的水位以及周期变化,并应用实测数据进行精度验证,从气象因素和人为影响两方面分析其不同时间尺度的变化趋势以及原因.结...     

A new approach of drawing airport noise contours on computer based on Surfer

Noise contours are used to describe the extent of airport noise pollution and to plan land use around airports. The LWECP, (weighted equivalent continuous perceive noise level) recommended by ICAO( International Civil Aviation Organization) is adopted as airport noise rating parameter in this paper. With the help of various mathematical models in the software Surfer, noise contours can be drawn automatically by the completed program in Visual C Code. Corrections for thrust, velocity, atmospheric temperature, humidity and lateral ground attenuation are also considered in the new method, which can improve the efficiency of drawing contours. An example of its use for drawing noise contours of an airport in Zhejiang Province of China is proposed and the predictions and the measurements show agreements well.     

Theoretical and Empirical Analysis on Influence Factors of Modern Agricultural Equipment Level in the Process of Agricultural Sustainable Development

Abstract

To promote modern agricultural equipment level is one characteristic of constructing and developing modern agriculture in China. This paper makes up stepwise linear regression analysis model of influence factors of modern agricultural equipment level, and chooses rural labor, per capita income of rural residents, rural investment, proportion of people at secondary education level and at higher level in per hundred rural labor force and arable land area as independent variables, and total power of machine as induced variable. The major results show that the relativity of modern agricultural equipment level, rural investment and education level of peasants is remarkable, and they are the major influence factors of modern agricultural equipment level. Raising investment level of rural infrastructure construction as well as and research and development and promotion of advanced and applicable modern agricultural equipment, improving quality and education level of peasants can accelerate the development of China’s modern agricultural equipment effectively in the process of agricultural sustainable development.     

北京市典型道路交通噪声排放特征

采用北京市道路交通噪声自动监测系统2013—2017年采集的等效连续A声级数据,对城市快速路、城市主干线、城市次干线、城市支路的代表性站点噪声排放情况进行了统计分析,结果显示,北京市不同等级的道路噪声排放具备一定的特征,排放水平从大到小依次为城市快速路城市主干线城市支路和城市次干线,道路噪声随时间变化存在较为一致的周期性排放特征,24 h变化特征比较明显。个别道路排放特征存在特异性,如城市主干线道路的一个代表监测站点噪声监测值出现了逐年下降趋势,分析发现,北京市非首都功能疏解对其噪声值的下降有一定贡献。采取一定的规划和管理措施有助于减少道路交通噪声的排放。     

基于人因可靠性的间歇装置SIL分析与改进

IEC 61508和IEC 61511等标准针对连续工艺装置提出了安全仪表系统安全完整性等级评估方法。但对于间歇装置的SIL评估,受人因因素影响水平并未明确,且没有提出相应计算模型。以某六氟磷酸锂间歇生产装置典型SIS为例,采用HAZOP结合LOPA方法对其进行风险分析,在明确间歇生产装置存在人员中毒、窒息及燃烧爆炸风险的基础上,确定并验证其安全仪表系统的SIL,再依据间歇生产装置人工依赖性高,即部分安全仪表系统未接入自动联锁且需人工手动触发的特点,建立人因可靠性模型,来分析人因可靠性对安全仪表系统SIL的影响,并进行改进研究。研究结果表明:人因因素对安全仪表系统SIL有显著影响;可通过改变SIS元件冗余结构、测试策略并结合改进人因管理措施来提高SIL。     

水位高程变化对湿地土壤微生物代谢功能的影响研究——以蚌湖为例

在淡水湖泊生态系统中,水位高程的变化会对整个生态系统产生重要的影响。本研究以鄱阳湖最具代表性的碟形湖——蚌湖为实验地点,研究了水位高程对于湖泊湿地土壤微生物代谢功能的影响。在实验中沿水位高程及植被带演替布设6个样地,利用Biolog-Eco技术探究不同水位高程样地土壤微生物群落代谢功能的多样性及分布规律。结果表明:随着样地水位高程的降低,土壤含水量逐渐升高,地表植被的覆盖率逐渐减少,土壤有机养分出现先减小后增大的趋势;而土壤微生物对碳源代谢活性随着高程的降低依次减弱,且优先利用的碳源种类和碳源利用率也有显著不同。通过dbRDA排序分析表明:土壤微生物群落功能多样性沿高程呈现区域性分布特征,相邻的两样地土壤微生物碳源代谢功能更为相近。影响湿地土壤微生物碳源代谢功能的主要因子为土壤含水量、土壤有机质含量、pH、NH_4-N和地表植被类型。本研究结果可为合理管理和保护鄱阳湖湿地生态系统提供科学的指导。     

鄱阳湖出流水质2004~2014年变化及其对水位变化的响应:对水质监测频率的启示

通过对鄱阳湖湖口2004~2014年以周为单位的水质指标,包括溶解氧（DO）,氨氮（NH₄⁺-N）和高锰酸盐指数（COD_Mn）的变化特征及其与水位响应关系进行分析,并对合理的监测频率进行了探讨。结果表明：（1）就DO,NH₄⁺-N和COD_Mn而言,鄱阳湖出湖水质在2004~2014年没有显著恶化的趋势,然而在年内呈现明显的周期性变化,其浓度与湖泊水位波动有较显著的负相关性（p<0.01）,相关系数分别达到-0.63,-0.67和-0.36;（2）考虑水质指标在湖相状态与河相状态存在显著的差异（p<0.01）,概率密度分布曲线进一步表明,在鄱阳湖呈湖相时,湖口NH₄⁺-N浓度小于0.25 mg/L的概率为93%,而在河相时仅为32.8%。DO与COD_Mn浓度在河湖相的特征与NH₄⁺-N相似。因此,在湖相状态下,鄱阳湖出流水质良好的概率更大,而高水位下的稀释作用可能是影响湖泊年内变化的主要控制因素;（3）时间序列分析表明DO,NH₄⁺-N和COD_Mn存在明显的自相关性,1~2月一次的监测频率基本能够准确的描述NH₄⁺-N和DO的动态变化特征,而COD_Mn仍需要1~2周一次的监测,从而避免过多的损失动态信息。能够为将来更深入的研究湖泊水情与水质定量关系提供基础和思路,从而为湖泊水环境管理和调控提供对策和建议。