三峡库区土地自然坡度和高程对经济发展的影响

坡度和高程是土地资源固有的二个重要环境因子 ,对土地利用和土地生产力有直接作用。在山区 ,坡度和高程基本上决定了土地利用方向和利用方式 ,从而影响到经济效益和发展潜力。三峡库区面积 6 2 6 4 0km2 ,为丘陵、低中山区 ,山高坡陡。按坡度和高程对农业生产的影响程度进行分级 :0～ 7°、7～ 15°、15～ 2 5°、>2 5° ;80 0m以下 ,80 0m以上。在编制的 1:10万土地自然坡度和高程分级图及土地利用图的基础上获取各坡度、高程级及其土地利用类型和数据。 4个坡度级土地面积随坡度的增加而加大 ,随海拔的增高而减小。耕地大部分集中在 80 0m以下 7～ 15°和 15～ 2 5°的坡度上 ,优质耕地少 ,中、低产地多 ,并存在大量的陡坡耕地。森林大多分布在 80 0m以上 >2 5°陡坡上。根据对 1980～ 1996年库区主要县、市农业年产值与自然坡度和高程的定量分析比较 ,可以看出它们之间存在着明显的反比例关系。综合提高库区土地生产力 ,必须遵循“有所为 ,有所不为”原则 ,进行农业结构调整 ,不片面强调增加粮食产量而盲目扩大耕地面积 ,大力改造 15～ 2 5°的中、低产地 ,有计划、按步骤并在尊重农民意愿的基础上进行退陡坡旱地还林 (草 ) ,改善生态环境。     

Effect of nutrient level on phytoplankton community structure in di erent water bodies

Increasing levels of pollution within water bodies can cause eutrophication and an associated rapid growth in and reproduction of phytoplankton. Although most frequently occurring in bodies of water such as lakes and dams, in recent years an increasing number of river systems in China have suffered serious algal blooms. The community structure of phytoplankton may differ, however, dependent on the hydrodynamic conditions and nutrient levels within the water body. The field investigation results obtained fro...     

实施功能安全标准完善安全评估体系

从功能安全标准的进展和功能安全评估的现状两个方面进行了论述,强调了实施安全仪表系统功能安全评估的重要意义,并提出了建议。     

城市生活垃圾的生物工程堆肥化利用

在建立节约型社会、发展循环经济时代,通过对城市生活垃圾3种处理方法的比较得出,以堆肥方式通过生物工程技术对城市生活垃圾进行科学合理处置,是达到城市生活垃圾无害化、资源化、减量化、规模化处理的最佳选择。     

鱼体高铁血红蛋白检测在应急监测中的应用

针对2005年11月14日吉林发生的松花江污染,采用鱼体血液指标进行了分析,结果发现污染物对鲤鱼血液高铁蛋白浓度影响显著,并探讨了此方法需注意的问题。     

采矿业污染河流底泥及河漫滩沉积物的粒径组成与砷形态分布特征

采用连续提取法分析了刁江底泥和河漫滩沉积物中砷的形态变化规律及其与沉积物粒径组成的关系.结果表明,刁江流域底泥和河漫滩沉积物中As含量分布存在差异,底泥中As主要赋存在63～170μm粒级颗粒中,河漫滩沉积物中As主要赋存在63μm粒级颗粒中.底泥和河漫滩沉积物中砷主要以铁合态、钙合态和残渣态的形式存在,且残渣态比例相对较高,表现出典型的尾砂污染特征.底泥中残渣态砷(Res-As)组成比例总体较高,主要赋存在63～170μm粒级颗粒中,而洪水水位河漫滩沉积物中Res-As组成比例相对较低,这与不同沉积物中硫化态砷的氧化反应差异有关.对于中下游河段,底泥和中水水位河漫滩沉积物中Res-As总体上呈逐渐降低的趋势,铁合态砷(Fe-As)组成比例的分布与Res-As呈相反的趋势.     

常态化疫情防控背景下区域应急医疗物资选址-分配模型*

在常态化疫情防控背景下,为避免本土病例造成区域不同需求主体防护物资短缺问题,构建最小化医院物资集散点需求未满足率加权和、最大化物资购买集中点分配公平性的储备库选址-分配模型,并基于某市相关数据,利用改进的非支配排序遗传算法（NSGA-Ⅱ）进行仿真研究。结果表明:某市应选择储备库数目为5,在物资分配时考虑物资防护等级要求,可减少医院物资集散点物资浪费,增加物资购买集中点获得量。     

Carbonaceous aerosols in PM10 and pollution gases in winter in Beijing

An intensive observation of organic carbon (OC) and element carbon (EC) in PM10 and gaseous materials (SO2, CO, and O3,) was conducted continuously to assess the characteristics of wintertime carbonaceous aerosols in an urban area of Beijing, China. Results showed that the averaged total carbon (TC) and PM10 concentrations in observation period are 30.2±120.4 and 172.6±198.3 μ/m3, respectively. Average OC concentration in nighttime (24.9±19.6 μ/m3) was 40% higher than that in daytime (17.7±10.9 μ/m3). Average EC concentrations in daytime (8.8±15.2 μ/m3) was close to that in nighttime (8.9±15.1 μ/m3). The OC/EC ratios in nighttime ranging from 2.4 to 2.7 are higher than that in daytime ranging from 1.9 to 2.0. The concentrations of OC, EC, PM10 were low with strong winds and high with weak winds. The OC and EC were well correlated with PM10, CO and SO2, which implies they have similar sources. OC and EC were not well correlated with O3. By considering variation of OC/EC ratios in daytime and night time, correlations between OC and O3, and meteorological condition, we speculated that OC and EC in Beijing PM10 were emitted as the primary particulate form. Emission of motor vehicle with low OC/EC ratio and coal combustion sources with high OC/EC ratio are probably the dominant sources for carbonaceous aerosols in Beijing in winter. A simple method was used to estimate the relative contribution of sources to carbonaceous aerosols in Beijing PM10. Motor vehicle source accounts for 80% and 68%, while coal combustion accounts for 20% and 32% in daytime and nighttime, respectively in Beijing. Averagely, the motor vehicle and coal combustion accounted for 74% and 26%, respectively, for carbonaceous aerosols during the observation period. It points to the motor vehicle is dominant emission for carbonaceous aerosols in Beijing PM10 in winter period, which should be paid attention to control high level of PM10 in Beijing effectively.     

The effects of exogenous salicylic acid on growth and H2O2-metabolizing enzymes in rice seedlings under lead stress

Salicylic acid （SA） was an essential component of the plant resistance to pathogens and also plays an important role in mediating plant response to some abiotic stress. The possible effects of SA on the growth and H2O2-metabolizing enzymes in rice seedlings under lead stress were studied. When rice seedlings grown in nutrient solution containing Pb^2＋ （0, 0.05, 0.15, 0.25 mmol/L） for 18 d, the plant biomass as well as the chlorophyll content of leaves decreased with increasing Pb concentration. The pre-treatment with SA （treated with 0.1 mmol/L SA for 48 h before Pb stress） partially protected seedlings from Pb toxicity. The chlorophyll contents were significant higher in leaves of Pb-exposed with SA pre-treatment seedlings than in Pb-exposed plants at the same Pb intensity. SA pre-treated alone could significantly increase the length of shoot and root of seedlings but the vigour difference was not marked under long-term exposure to Pb toxicity. SA pre-treated influence the H2O2 level in leaves of seedlings by up-regulating the activity of superoxide dismutase （SOD）, repressing the activity of catalase （CAT） and ascorbate peroxidase （APX） depending on the concentrations of Pb^2＋ in the growth medium. The results supported the conclusion that SA played a positive role in rice seedlings against Pb toxicity.     

高速铁路声屏障对居民环境影响的试验研究

以三种结构的高速铁路声屏障为研究对象,测量了高速列车通过有声、无声屏障两种状态下8个测点的声压值,并计算各测点等效连续A计权声压和声屏障的隔声量,结合GB3096-2008中规定的环境噪声限值进行声屏障结构对高速铁路周边居民的声环境影响评价。试验分析结果表明:声屏障不同程度改善了居民的声环境;由于试验所用的三种结构的声屏障隔声量离一般设计要求(20~25dB(A))相差太远,使得高速铁路周边环境噪声高于国家标准规定限值;声屏障结构改进应着力提高中低频噪声的隔声量。