大庆石油管理局测井公司放射源库及周围环境的放射性水平调查

对大庆测井公司放射源库及周围环境的放射性水平进行了调查,调查内容分为环境空气气溶胶辐射水平、水环境辐射水平、环境地表γ辐射空气吸收剂量率及土壤环境辐射水平四个方面.监测调查结果表明:源库内和源库外总α、总β监测值与对照点比较,均没有显著性差异,说明空气中的环境是安全的;放射源库周围水环境总α、总β监测值符合相应标准规定,说明水环境未受到放射性污染;γ辐射空气吸收剂量率监测值范围均在黑龙江省室外天然本底值21.6×10-9～196.9×10-9 Cy/h范围内,说明放射源库室外地区未受到放射性污染;土壤监测值与黑龙江省土壤放射性水平进行了对比,也未发现放射源库周围土壤环境受到放射性污染.总之,大庆石油管理局测井公司放射源库未形成对周围环境及人群健康的不良影响.     

论环境污染的外部不经济性及法律对策

文章对造成环境污染的外部不经济性原因进行了分析,指出只有通过政府干预,加强立法,明确环境资源产权,征收环境污染税收,开放排污权交易市场,才能利用市场机制优化环境资源的配置,合理的分配环境资源,从而实现整个社会最有效率地控制污染.     

关于省级环境监测站职能定位问题的思考

分析了省级环境监测站现状,提出了省级环境监测站应具备的基本职能和发展重点构想。     

海平面上升对珠江三角洲水资源的影响

本文简要分析了全球海平面上的升的原因，预测了珠江三角洲地区海平面可能上升的数值，调查分析了珠江三角洲水资源利用和保护现状及存在的问题，探讨了海平面上升给水资源利用和保护带来的影响，主要从城镇供水，农业灌溉，水环境污染，城镇排水，水生生态的改变５个方面进行分析，并提出了相应的对策。     

Aircraft-Induced Noise Levels in Some Residential Areas of Delhi

The measurements of aircraft-induced noise levels in some residential areas in the capital city of India were carried out in the month of April and May, 1996. Four areas were chosen which were located underneath the flight path. It has been found that average increase in noise levels over and above the background levels is more than 20 dBA except in case of the most distant site where it is 11 dBA. A good correlation has been found between average peak noise levels (dBA) and the population response in terms of annoyance.     

Meteorological normalisation and non-parametric smoothing for quality assessment and trend analysis of tropospheric ozone data

Despite extensive efforts to ensure that sampling and installation and maintenance of instruments are as efficient as possible when monitoring air pollution data, there is still an indisputable need for statistical post processing (quality assessment). We examined data on tropospheric ozone and found that meteorological normalisation can reveal (i) errors that have not been eliminated by established procedures for quality assurance and control of collected data, as well as (ii) inaccuracies that may have a detrimental effect on the results of statistical tests for temporal trends. Moreover, we observed that the quality assessment of collected data could be further strengthened by combining meteorological normalisation with non-parametric smoothing techniques for seasonal adjustment and detection of sudden shifts in level. Closer examination of apparent trends in tropospheric ozone records from EMEP (European Monitoring and Evaluation Programme) sites in Finland showed that, even if potential raw data errors were taken into account, there was strong evidence of upward trends during winter and early spring.     

用“主成份子集合选择法”优选大气环境测点的缺陷

分析了主成份子集合选择法的应用过程,指出该方法只考虑了各测点的污染随机变化信息.而忽略了各测点的污染水平信息;用该方法所得到的优化点集不能正确地反映地区大气污染水平.因而主成份子集合选择法不宜应用于大气例行监测的优化布点研究中.     

彩釉砖的辐射水平及其放射防护管理

简述了我国国产彩釉砖的辐射水平、室内装修彩釉砖的限值以及它对人体产生辐射的途径，提出了放射防护管理措施和存在的问题。     

哈密地区新型建筑材料天然放射性核素含量及居民受照剂量估算

用放射化学分析方法对哈密地区主要新型建材中＾２２６Ｒａ、＾２３２Ｔｈ、＾４０Ｋ含量分析测定。结果表明，放射性核素比活度限制值内照射指数和外照射指数平均范围值分别为０．０２－０．２６，０．０３－０．６６。花岗岩石材和涂釉制品最高，装饰材料最低。建材所致居民内、外照射年有效剂量当量为０．０６－０．９６ｍＳｖ．ａ＾－１，明显低于哈密地区室内环境γ辐射及氡子体所致居民年有效剂量当量实际调查值１．４３ｍＳｖ     

原730矿牧草中的总α、总β、铀、钍、镭-226的污染水平

原730铀矿周围环境,受到了一定程度的放射性污染,其牧草中的总α放射性比活度及铀、镭-226含量均明显高于对照区,但对该矿区周围草食动物的肉、奶剂量的估算,未超过国家食品中放射性物质限制标准,可以食用。