Investigation on the Degradation of Natural Heritage of Singing Sand Mountain and Crescent Moon Spring at Dunhuang City,China

Abstract

The main purpose of this study is to put forward a reasonable idea of the general protection for Singing Sand Mountain and Crescent Moon Spring, a rare and unique desert wonder, and of sustainable tourism development based on the research on the ecological environment around. Methods of documentation, case study and comparison were employed. Finally, aiming at solving the problems of natural environment and those existing after the exploitation of Singing Sand Mountain and Crescent Moon Spring the author puts forward three measures: the comprehensive treatment for Crescent Moon Spring (broadening resources of water and reducing expenditures, checking the decreasing depth of Crescent Moon Spring, and improving the geographical environment), the general protection envisions for Singing Sand Mountain and Crescent Moon Spring and establishing a dynamic monitoring and early-warning system of regional ecosystem.     

Function Zoning of the Major function Development-optimized County: A Case in Shangyu,Zhejiang

Abstract

The 11th Five Year Plan has divided national functional zones in the basic unit of county-level administrative region. After implementation of national Major Function-oriented Zones (MFOZ) at prefecture and county levels, the spatial development sequence must be specified, development intensity must be limited, oriented zones must be designated and “red line” areas of spatial governance must be defined. In view of the above, choosing a typical county area and exploring its functional zoning after orienting its major functions will supply reference for carrying out the national spatial planning in the 12th Five Year Period, and it will also provide experience for the study of function regionalization which is the theme of MFOZ in the present academic circles. In this paper, the authors take Shangyu County as an example to study the general principles, train of thought of county-level functional regionalization in development-optimized areas, and to explore its reasonable functional zoning plan. Consequently, the authors present five principles and suggest a function-oriented zoning plan with 2 levels and 4 types.     

Investigation on the Degradation of Natural Heritage of Singing Sand Mountain and Crescent Moon Spring at Dunhuang City, China

The main purpose of this study is to put forward a reasonable idea of the general protection for Singing Sand Mountain and Crescent Moon Spring, a rare and unique desert wonder, and of sustainable tourism development based on the research on the ecological environment around. Methods of documentation, case study and comparison were employed. Finally, aiming at solving the problems of natural environment and those existing after the exploitation of Singing Sand Mountain and Crescent Moon Spring the author puts forward three measures： the comprehensive treatment for Crescent Moon Spring （broadening resources of water and reducing expenditures, checking the decreasing depth of Crescent Moon Spring, and improving the geographical environment）, the general protection envisions for Singing Sand Mountain and Crescent Moon Spring and establishing a dynamic monitoring and early-warning system of regional ecosystem.     

工业园区环境风险管理研究

区域经济的快速发展带来了更多的环境风险隐患.本文通过分析工业园区环境风险管理的各个因素,建立了工业园区的环境风险管理水平评价指标体系,并根据工业园区环境风险的特点,利用模糊数学方法建立其评价模型.在此基础上,将环境风险总费用定义为风险实际期望损失、人群心理损失和风险控制费用三部分的总和,并根据系统效益最大化原则,提出了风险控制水平的优化理论.最后以泰兴化工园区为例,模型和理论进行了应用.园区环境风险管理水平评价结果为"中",方案四为最优的管理方案.     

聚烯烃料仓反吹风系统中的安全料位及其确定

介绍了聚烯烃料仓反吹风设置中安全料位的概念及其确定方法,以避免由于通风死区造成静电燃爆事故的发生.     

液位控制法在污泥处理工程中的应用

介绍了液位检测仪表,并阐述在污泥处理站中采用超声波液位计和液位调节器实现液位自动控制的方法。     

基于等级评价的社会单位消防安全动态管理系统初探

分析新形势下社会消防安全管理里面临的深层次问题,指出建立覆盖全社会的消防安全评价动态管理体系的必要性;在建立合理的社会单位消防安全等级评价指标体系的基础上,采用层次法确定权重值,建立社会单位消防安全等级评定规则;公安机关消防机构划分管理级别,在管理过程中依据社会单位消防安全等级实施级别管理,构建消防安全动态管理闭合环;建立信息软件平台,社会单位自我评价和消防机构评定相结合,提高消防执法透明度及规范化水平,形成积极行政管理导向,引导单位自觉提高消防安全等级,建立社会单位消防安全动态管理模式。     

近20年中国表层土壤中多环芳烃时空分布特征及源解析

随着中国经济社会的快速发展,表层土壤多环芳烃（polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons,PAHs）污染问题受到了全社会的高度关注.本研究通过搜集2000~2020年间有关我国表层土壤PAHs污染的相关研究,并对筛选得到的166篇文献采样数据综合运用统计学、空间插值分析和污染物特征比值源解析方法,定量分析了我国表层土壤PAHs污染水平、时间变化特征、空间分布特征以及来源特征.结果表明,我国表层土壤普遍存在人为因素的PAHs污染,其含量中位值为675.70 μg·kg^-1,总体情况良好但部分采样点位污染情况较为严重,单体含量中荧蒽（Fla）和芘（Pyr）含量较高,而苊烯（Acy）和二氢苊（Ace）含量较低;调查时段中,表层土壤PAHs含量数据大体稳定在313.10~1070.45 μg·kg^-1的中度污染水平范围内,其年度变化受石油生产与消费的影响相对较小,且不存在明显波动;统计学以及空间插值结果表明,我国表层土壤PAHs污染存在明显区域特征,地区含量从西北、华北、华东、东北、西南和中南依次递减,多数省份的PAHs污染水平处于"中度污染"或"轻度污染";源解析结果表明,我国大部分地区表层土壤PAHs污染来源于石油、生物质和煤等化石燃料的高温燃烧,但黑龙江以及新疆、西藏等西北地区主要表现为石油源污染.本研究对我国土壤环境管理和PAHs污染治理工作开展有一定参考价值.     

太湖流域水源地多氯联苯分布特征与污染水平

为系统了解太湖流域主要水源地多氯联苯(PCBs)的污染现状,于2012年3月和6月分别采集水相、悬浮颗粒物和沉积物样品,并利用气相色谱-质谱联用仪(GC-MS)对PCBs的浓度进行了分析。结果表明,3月水相、悬浮颗粒物和沉积物中均未检测出PCBs类物质。6月水相中PCBs质量浓度在ND~1.04 ng·L~(-1)之间,平均值为0.57 ng·L~(-1),悬浮颗粒物和沉积物中PCBs质量浓度分别在0.96~2.72 ng·g-1和0.47~1.29 ng·g-1之间。Aroclor 1016和Aroclor 1260在3种介质中均有检出,且Aroclor1016浓度均为最高。与国内外研究相比较,太湖流域主要水源地PCBs污染水平较低。水相中PCBs浓度水平低于我国地表水环境质量标准;悬浮颗粒物和沉积物中PCBs浓度水平均低于加拿大保护水生环境沉积物化学品风险评价标准的LEL值,说明各样点PCBs对底栖动物无毒性影响。     

铀尾矿库区稻田土中放射性核素的空间分布和放射性水平评价

以我国南方某铀尾矿库下游稻田土壤为研究对象,通过现场取样与室内检测,对土壤中放射性核素238U、226Ra、232Th、40K的比活度进行空间分析。同时采用γ辐射吸收剂量率和年有效剂量法进行土壤环境放射性水平评价,得出土壤中所检测的4种典型核素放射性比活度差异较大。在土壤表层和剖面,226Ra和40K的均值、最大比活度和标准差均较高,232Th和238U较低。而226Ra含量超出当地背景值较多。剖面上4种放射性核素比活度均有随深度降低的趋势,高值出现在土壤浅层,这可能与土壤的有机质含量等有关。综合垂向和平面上的分布特征可知核素232Th、40K的迁移能力比238U、226Ra弱。放射性水平评价结果显示:研究区土壤年有效剂量率平均值小于联合国原子辐射效应科学委员会和全国年有效剂量率的推荐背景值,但是γ辐射吸收剂量率均值高出全国和世界平均水平的3倍。准确定量评价了尾矿库对居民造成的辐射影响,同时为放射性核素在周边稻田植物根系中的迁移机理研究提供基础资料。