Correlation Between Economic Development Level and Landscape Pattern in Beijing Peri-urban Areas

With the rapid changes of demographic and socio-economic structure, various ecological and environmental problems have emerged in peri-urban areas. Studies on the correlation between socio-economic development and eco-environmental preservation are inadequate. This paper analyzes the landscape pattern of peri-urban areas to address this issue. First, it studies the differentiation of economic development levels in Beijing peri-urban areas. Then, it explores the correlation between economic development level...     

Statistical Methodologies Used to Calculate Urbanization Rates in China

To analyze China’s actual urbanization level, we iden- tified two statistical approaches: using the population living within the administrative boundaries (administrative-based method) and within the urbanized or built-up areas (infrastructure-based method) of cities and towns as urban population. To illustrate the two approaches and the associated problems, we used data for Tangshan City as a case study. The estimates on the administrative-based method were unreliable and the infrastructurebased method pro...     

湘江流域生态补偿系数定量分析

充分考虑生态补偿主体的社会经济发展水平、支付能力、对环境污染的贡献率,科学、公平、合理制定生态补偿标准是推动生态补偿机制实施的关键点之一。本文应用主成分分析法对湘江流域内各市社会经济发展水平、支付能力、环境污染的贡献率进行界定与定量分析,在此基础上形成补偿系数,对统一的补偿标准进行修正,实现补偿标准的科学、客观、公平。     

Putting time in perspective: How and why construal level buffers the relationship between wait time and aggressive tendencies

We spend a substantial part of our daily life waiting, and unfortunately, wait time can fuel aggressive tendencies. Our study examines the relationship between wait time, perceived wait time, and aggressive tendencies from a construal level perspective. In Study 1, we found that the higher the construal level, the stronger the relationship between actual and perceived wait time and the stronger relationship between perceived wait time and aggressive tendencies. In Study 2, we manipulated construal level and found that power explains the moderating impact of construal on the wait—aggressive tendencies relationships. Results demonstrate the role of construal in explaining both perceived wait time and aggressive responses to long wait times, suggesting that mental construal influences both the psychological experience of time and the subsequent reaction to that experience. Overall, these results contribute to research on subjective time perspective by enhancing the knowledge and understanding of the determinants and effects of perceived wait time.     

高海拔矿井风机气动噪声数值模拟及实验研究

为研究高海拔矿井风机气动噪声规律,建立小型轴流风机三维物理模型,利用CFD软件对环境气压分别为1,0.9,0.8,0.7,0.6及0.5 atm时的风机模型进行定常模拟、非定常模拟及噪声计算,并通过自主设计的压变实验装置对上述不同环境气压条件下风机转数分别为500,1 000,1 500和2 000 rpm时的风机噪声进行测试,分析风机叶片附近监测点噪声频谱曲线及压变环境风机噪声实验数据,结果表明:风机转数和环境气压是影响风机气动噪声的2个重要因素;环境气压P一定时,风机转数n越大,各频率下的风机气动噪声声压级SPL越大,且风机噪声总声压级Lp和平均声压级Lavg均随风机转数n的增大呈对数函数增加;风机转数n不变时,随着海拔高度的升高,环境气压P降低,各频段下风机气动噪声声压级SPL均将减小,且风机噪声总声压级Lp和平均声压级Lavg随环境气压值P的降低呈线性函数减小,环境气压每降低0.1 atm,二者分别降低1.47和1.29 dB。     

Sediment Quality Assessment in the Gulf of Gdańsk (Baltic Sea) Using Complementary Lines of Evidence

Sediments from Polish coastal environments were classified by a quality assessment approach that took into account trace metal and organic micropollutant concentrations, grain-size distribution, and organic carbon content. Generally, no benthic organisms were found at sites where sediments were classified as heavily polluted. However, areas characterized by a moderate contamination showed a variable composition of the benthic community and changing bioaccumulation patterns; therefore, no single species found in the Gulf of Gdańsk could be considered representative of the whole benthic environment. Although sediment monitoring must be considered a suitable tool to detect hot-spot pollution areas in coastal and inland waters, it should be complemented by bioaccumulation measurements to evaluate the actual risk posed by contaminants to benthic organisms. This “biological information” allows a better appreciation of the real benthic infaunal community exposure to chemicals and can usefully complement the existing sediment quality guidelines.     

河南省区域性中心城市技术创新水平评价

在建立河南省区域中心城市技术创新测度指标体系的基础上,运用因子分析法,以河南省18个省辖(管)市为对象,对区域中心城市技术创新水平进行了测度,并将其划分为3种梯度类型。同时,分析了区域中心城市技术创新水平的地域差异,提出了河南省区域中心城市技术创新的基本构想。     

石灰石／石灰-石膏湿法脱硫浆液溢流问题研究

在火电厂石灰石／石灰一石膏湿法脱硫系统中,吸收塔浆液溢流是运行过程中常见的问题之一,它对FGD系统的稳定运行非常不利。分析了吸收塔浆液溢流的成因,介绍了浆液溢流对FGD系统运行的危害,提出了吸收塔浆液溢流的预防和处理措施。     

A Review of Water Level Fluctuations on Aquatic Biota With an Emphasis on Fishes in Ice‐Covered Lakes1

Abstract: The effects of water level fluctuations on fish and other aquatic biota, with an emphasis on winter water withdrawal in northern regions is reviewed. Water demands for population growth and development are adding pressure on water reserves, particularly when coupled with changing climatic conditions. Water level fluctuations can have adverse effects on the environment, most notably to hydrologic and biotic processes ranging in magnitude from the micro‐scale to landscape level. Water level management of lakes and reservoirs can affect all forms of aquatic biota. The severity of effect is dependant on the magnitude, duration and timing of the fluctuation, and the species exposed. In northwestern Canada and northern Alaska, water is withdrawn from water bodies to construct ice‐roads and other winter based developments. Biota in small, isolated water bodies are particularly sensitive to reductions in winter water levels. Water withdrawals can reduce the oxygen available to overwintering fish, while reduced water levels can reduce habitat for fish and furbearers, and freeze littoral areas killing plants, invertebrates, and fish eggs. Regulatory winter water withdrawal thresholds have been developed in the Northwest Territories and Alaska and continue to be refined as new data becomes available. The use of thresholds can help minimize or avoid negative impacts to the environment, particularly fish, from winter water withdrawal activities. Many different factors may influence the effect that winter water withdrawal has on a water body, such as basin shape, substrate and location. More research is warranted to better understand the linkages between anthropogenic and natural water level fluctuations and their combined effect on aquatic ecosystems. A general decision support system is proposed for minimizing risk to aquatic life from winter water withdrawal activities.     

Tidal salt marsh sediment in California, USA: part 3. Current and historic toxicity potential of contaminants and their bioaccumulation

To assess potential health risks to benthic organisms from exposure to toxic contaminants, sediment chemistry data from five salt marshes along the coast of California were compared with threshold effects levels (TELs) and probable effects levels (PELs). As an integrated estimate of toxicity potential of multiple contaminants, mean PEL quotients (mPELQs) were used to categorize sampling stations into three groups: high (>0.5), medium (0.1–0.5) and low (<0.1). In all sediments from Stege Marsh located in San Francisco Bay, at least one contaminant exceeded PELs by up to 18-fold and mPELQs were higher than 0.7. Mean PELQs in two core sediments from eastern Stege Marsh ranged from 0.7 to 2.1, indicating that benthic organisms in Stege Marsh may have been adversely affected for several decades. To investigate bioavailability and bioaccumulation of contaminants in sediments, longjaw mudsuckers (Gillichthys mirabilis) were transplanted to six Stege Marsh stations for 60 days. Body burdens of organic contaminants clearly showed that they were readily available for benthic organisms. Measured concentrations of organic contaminants in mudsuckers were similar to estimated levels computed using a theoretical bioaccumulation potential model. Levels of PCBs and arsenic in mudsuckers were higher than screening values set as guidelines for the protection of humans and levels of PCBs and DDTs were higher than criteria for wildlife. The results of this study indicate that the levels of contaminants in Stege Marsh sediments may not fully support the well-being of benthic organisms and also may provoke adverse effects on fish-eating animals and humans through trophic transfer.