曲靖市交通噪声现状及其治理

１９９６年，集中曲靖市７０％以上居民的一、二类混合区昼间等效声级超标率达１００％，噪声源主要是交通噪声。要治理曲靖市交通噪声污染，应着重解决控制车流量、车距、车速、汽车喇叭，改善路面状况，全方位绿化，加强交通管制，合理进行城市规划等几个方面的问题。     

灌溉水库群优化调度的AD模型

随着国民经济的不断发展,工农业用水日益增长,但可供利用的水资源有限,使得供水与需水矛盾加剧。因此,对流域内或流域间的水库进行联合调度和管理,将有限的水资源统筹安排、挖掘潜力、充分发挥现有工程的效益、提高供水的保证程度即对水库实施优化调度很有现实意义。本文应用系统分析方法,建立了灌溉水库群优化调度的聚合分解(AD)模型,以保证在系统整体效益最优条件下得出各库的最佳运行策略,从而使水库的运行管理建立在科学的基础之上。     

Status of air pollution in Beijing

A study has been made on elements organic constituents, TSP, SO2,NO2 of atmospheric pollutants in Beijing. 17 elements, and some PAHs, e. g. B(a)P, B(b, j, k)P, and B(g, h, i)P, in airborne particles by X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy and HPLC, GC/MS, have been determined respectively. It has been shown that the elements Pb, Zn, S and Cu were more enriched in fine particles and different valence states of sulfur at various sites. It was found that the concentrations of S6+ and S2-were more than 85% and less than 15% of the total sulfur respectively. Concentrations of major PAHs and sulfur-containing compounds increased in winter and in urban area. High values for Pb and Zn in city, Fe and Mn at industrial area and Cu, Al rural sites were obtained respectively. This implies the functions of different elemental sources of various sites. Thus, elements can be from distingushed anthropogenic and natural sources.The main contribution of SO2 was found of to have same seasonal variation as the anthropogenic el     

重庆南山马尾松林衰亡与大气污染关系的讨论

重庆市南郊的南山是一个风景区,有林地约二万七千余亩,主要是马尾松林(Pinusmassoniana Lamb.),自八十年代起明显出现衰亡现象,目前约有85％马尾松植株受到不同程度的伤害,死亡率达35％左右.马尾松出现的症状是针尖坏死,针叶提早脱落,针长变短,树冠稀疏,枝条枯死,径向生长变弱等.     

Effect of sorbed and desorbed Zn(Ⅱ) on the growth of a green alga (Chlorella pyrenoidosa)

Toxic effect of Zn(Ⅱ)on a green alga(ChloreUa pyrenoidosa)in the presence of sepiolite and kaolinite was investigated.The Zn-free clays were found to have a negative impact on the growth of C.pyrenoidosa in comparison with control samples(without adding any clay or Zn(Ⅱ)).When Zn(Ⅱ)was added,the algae in the presence of clays could be better survived than the control samples,which was actually caused by a decrease in Zn(Ⅱ)concentration in the solution owing to the adsorption of Zn(Ⅱ)on the clays.When the solution system was diluted,the growth of algae could be further inhibited as compared to that in a system which had the same initial Zn(Ⅱ)concentration as in the diluted system.This in fact resulted from desorption of Zn(Ⅱ)from the zinc-contaminated clays,although the effect varied according to the different desorption capabilities of sepiolite and kaolinite.Therefore the adsorption and desorption processes of Zn(Ⅱ)played an important part in its toxicity,and adsorption and desorption of pollutants on soils/sediments should be well considered in natural eco-environmental systems before their risk of toxicity to aquatic organisms was assessed objectively.     

臭氧控制膜污染的研究进展

本文对臭氧在控制膜污染方面的研究现状进行了综述,重点放在臭氧用于膜冲洗和臭氧用于过滤液预处理这两个方面;指明了在一定的条件下,臭氧可以有效地减缓、降低膜污染;臭氧控制膜污染的作用主要通过臭氧降解造成膜污染的有机物质来实现.此外,还介绍了一些臭氧与膜联用的开发应用情况.     

沈阳市中水回用对策研究及前景分析

为了解决全市水资源严重短缺问题，缓解污水排放对生态环境造成的破坏，沈阳市在今后5～10a内将建成中水回用系统，使城市中水回用率达到50％。结合沈阳市中水回用现状，分析了目前全市中水供应能力及市场需求，进行了2010年相应指标的预测，同时探讨了沈阳市中水回用存在的问题和解决方法。     

流域水质监测站对江河重大污染事故的应急监测措施的研究

流域水质监测站对发生在江河中的重大水质污染事故中承担着前哨的重要作用.因此,建立起江河重大污染事故的应急监测体系已迫在眉睫.本文结合多年来松花江水质监测的实际工作,对环境水质监测部门开展重大污染事故应惠监测措施研究的必要性、应急监测工作必需的配置、预警监测断面在应急监测中的功能与作用等进行了较全面的论述.指出,应加大江河水环境监测的投入,切实加强水环境应急监测工作,尽快建成主要江河应急防控体系,提高江河重大污染事件的预警预测、监测、处置、后期评估等方面能力与水平.     

企业污染治理设施运行存在的问题和政府管理对策

由浙江省嘉兴市环境保护主管部门的环境处罚案件表明,排污企业污染治理设施运行存在的问题是导致超标排污的主要原因.在通过对该市大量排污企业污染治理设施运行管理情况调查分析的基础上,总结出目前企业内部污染治理设施运行管理中存在的主要问题有:企业对环保工作主观重视程度不够、污染治理设施建设滞后引起超负荷运行、疏于维护管理导致不能发挥正常治污效果、操作管理人员专业文化素质偏低引起操作不当以及处理设施被擅自改变、拆除或者闲置;同时对这些问题的产生原因进行了分析.并从宣传教育、加强企业环境管理、严格执法和推行政策等方面提出了相应的管理对策.     

发达农村生活垃圾特性调查及治理技术探讨

为了了解我国发达地区农村垃圾特征,以丹阳市群楼村为研究对象,通过现场调查和问卷调查的方式分析了群楼村的垃圾特性,并对群楼村垃圾的集运方式、处理措施以及当地居民对垃圾的认识进行了调查。表明群楼村的垃圾已经具有城市垃圾的特征,但垃圾配套处理措施及居民意识远远没有达到要求。根据调查的结果探讨了适合群楼村以及发达地区农村生活垃圾集运方式与管理模式。