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941.
TOPHAZOP: a knowledge-based software tool for conducting HAZOP in a rapid, efficient yet inexpensive manner 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Faisal I. Khan S. A. Abbasi 《Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries》1997,10(5-6):333-343
Hazard and operability (HAZOP) studies constitute an essential step in the risk analysis of any chemical process industry and involve systematic identification of every conceivable abnormal process deviation, its causes and abnormal consequences. These authors have recently proposed optHAZOP as an alternative procedure for conducting HAZOP studies in a shorter span of time than taken by conventional HAZOP procedure, with greater accuracy and effectiveness [Khan, F. I. and Abassi, S. A., optHAZOP. An effective and efficient technique for hazard identification and assessment Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries, 1997, 10, 191–204]. optHAZOP consists of several steps, the most crucial one requires use of a knowledge-based software tool which would significantly reduce the requirement of expert man-hours and speed up the work of the study team. TOPHAZOP (Tool for OPTmizing HAZOP) has been developed to fulfil this need.
The TOPHAZOP knowledge-base consists of two main branches: process-specific and general. The TOPHAZOP framework allows these two branches to interact during the analysis to address the process-specific aspects of HAZOP analysis while maintaining the generality of the system. The system is open-ended and modular in structure to make easy implementation and/or expansion of knowledge. The important features of TOPHAZOP and its performance on an industrial case study are described. 相似文献
942.
通过对变流量冷冻水系统的分析指出,在运用平衡调温调湿方式的空调系统中,应用变流量冷冻水系统可以较大地节约能源和投资;并提出了实现这种应用的方法。 相似文献
943.
张彦民 《中国安全科学学报》1997,7(1):48-51
分析了企业安全文化的发展和施工安全的特点,围绕企业目标、市场占有率、生产成本、企业形象、经济效益等内容,论述了保护员工安全与健康是施工企业安全文化的核心 相似文献
944.
中国可持续发展与国家安全文化战略的新对策 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
金磊 《中国安全科学学报》1997,7(3):3-8
“可持续发展”战略的实质是社会、经济发展与资源、环境相协调的一种发展模式。值得注意,这一人类社会发展模式中跨世纪重大转变的策略,尚未引起安全与减灾科技界的普遍关注,不仅在安全减灾战略研究中很少涉及,严重的是它阻碍了安全减灾诸领域跨世纪及决策课题研究的深度,造成与国际接轨进程缓慢。为此,立足可持续发展思路,并以全新视角、系统地讨论适宜安全减灾文化战略的总体对策,可望能为中国二十一世纪安全保障及科技发展提供科学指南 相似文献
945.
地层塌陷的灾害及其防治研究中的关键问题 总被引:1,自引:4,他引:1
针对矿山开采沉陷的研究现状和生产实践的需要,提出了地层塌陷防治研究中拟解决的关键问题:岩体的工程属性、地层塌陷的力源、塌陷特征、防治措施,及解决途径;同时还论述了本学科的发展前景。 相似文献
946.
特大型煤和瓦斯突出的地质条件及其成因 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
朱兴珊 《中国安全科学学报》1997,7(6):18-24
特大型煤和瓦斯突出危害极大,具有独特的发生条件,应专门研究。在全国99 次特大型煤和瓦斯突出详细研究的基础上,总结了特大型突出的一般特征及发生的地质和采矿条件,并给出了南桐矿区的几个临界值。对特大型突出地质条件的成因进行了较深入的探讨,提出了防止特大型突出的几点建议 相似文献
947.
用好氧-厌氧反复耦合固定床生物反应器处理肌苷生产废水 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
利用由多孔微生物载体构建的好氧-厌氧反复耦合固定床生物反应器进行了高浓度肌苷生产废水处理中试研究。连续84d的运行结果表明,当进水COD为1500-2700mg/L、水力停留时间为22.1h时,出水COD可维持在150mg/L左右,COD去除率达90%~95%。装置运行稳定后,未经沉淀的出水中的固体悬浮物质量浓度小于50mg/L,表明该反应器可避免剩余污泥的产生。中试结果验证了该反应器处理高浓度肌苷废水的可行性和优势,同时为装置放大提供了理论依据。 相似文献
948.
Nada Horvatinčić José Luis Briansó Bogomil Obelić Jadranka Barešić Ines Krajcar Bronić 《Water, Air, & Soil Pollution: Focus》2006,6(5-6):475-485
The process of eutrophication in form of intense plant growth has been observed in some lakes and water streams at the Plitvice
Lakes National Park in central Croatia. Here we investigate whether this phenomenon is a consequence of anthropogenic pollution
or due to naturally produced organic matter in the lakes. We applied chemical analysis of water at two springs and four lakes
(nutrients, dissolved organic carbon (DOC), trace elements) and measurements of surface lake sediments (mineral and organic
fraction analyses, trace elements) in four different lakes/five sites. The chemical composition of water does not indicate
recent anthropogenic pollution of water because the concentrations of most trace elements are below detection limits. The
concentrations of DOC and nutrients are slightly higher in the area of increased eutrophication-plant growth. Also the content
of organic matter in the sediment is at the highest level in areas with highest C/N ratio indicating that the organic fraction of this sediment is mainly of terrestrial origin. There is no significant difference
among the trace element concentration in the upper segment of all cores, deposited approximately during last 50 years when
higher anthropogenic influence is expected due to development and touristic activity, and the lower part of the cores, corresponding
to the period approximately 100–200 years before present. The content of trace elements and organic matter in sediments decreases
from the uppermost lake downstream. According to our results there is no indication of recent anthropogenic pollution in water
and sediment. Higher concentrations of DOC in water as well as phosphorus and some other elements in the lake sediment can
be a consequence of input of natural organic matter to the lake water. 相似文献
949.
Aaron I. Packman Andrea Marion Mattia Zaramella Cheng Chen Jean-François Gaillard Denis T. Keane 《Water, Air, & Soil Pollution: Focus》2006,6(5-6):433-442
Hyporheic exchange is known to provide an important control on nutrient and contaminant fluxes across the stream-subsurface
interface. Similar processes also mediate interfacial transport in other permeable sediments. Recent research has focused
on understanding the mechanics of these exchange processes and improving estimation of exchange rates in natural systems.
While the structure of sediment beds obviously influences pore water flow rates and patterns, little is known about the interplay
of typical sedimentary structures, hyporheic exchange, and other transport processes in fluvial/alluvial sediments. Here we
discuss several processes that contribute to local-scale sediment heterogeneity and present results that illustrate the interaction
of overlying flow conditions, the development of sediment structure, pore water transport, and stream-subsurface exchange.
Layered structures are shown to develop at several scales within sediment beds. Surface sampling is used to analyze the development
of an armor layer in a sand-and-gravel bed, while innovative synchrotron-based X-ray microtomography is used to observe patterns
of grain sorting within sand bedforms. We show that layered bed structures involving coarsening of the bed surface increase
interfacial solute flux but produce an effective anisotropy that favors horizontal pore water transport while limiting vertical
penetration. 相似文献
950.
概述了日本污水处理度再利用的特点和经验;介绍了东京和福冈两个地区的回用实例;探讨了污水回用对回收水水质的关键要求。 相似文献