首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
文章检索
  按 检索   检索词:      
出版年份:   被引次数:   他引次数: 提示:输入*表示无穷大
  收费全文   654篇
  免费   94篇
  国内免费   283篇
安全科学   52篇
废物处理   174篇
环保管理   47篇
综合类   478篇
基础理论   120篇
污染及防治   128篇
评价与监测   29篇
社会与环境   2篇
灾害及防治   1篇
  2024年   2篇
  2023年   6篇
  2022年   4篇
  2021年   18篇
  2020年   15篇
  2019年   24篇
  2018年   20篇
  2017年   15篇
  2016年   31篇
  2015年   51篇
  2014年   41篇
  2013年   75篇
  2012年   70篇
  2011年   68篇
  2010年   43篇
  2009年   39篇
  2008年   36篇
  2007年   53篇
  2006年   54篇
  2005年   50篇
  2004年   51篇
  2003年   34篇
  2002年   30篇
  2001年   26篇
  2000年   38篇
  1999年   23篇
  1998年   26篇
  1997年   19篇
  1996年   16篇
  1995年   15篇
  1994年   17篇
  1993年   8篇
  1992年   1篇
  1991年   2篇
  1990年   1篇
  1989年   1篇
  1988年   1篇
  1986年   2篇
  1984年   1篇
  1981年   1篇
  1980年   1篇
  1978年   1篇
  1973年   1篇
排序方式: 共有1031条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
121.
The potentially explosive reaction of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and copper chloride (CuCl2) was investigated. Pressure tests revealed that the reaction was strongly temperature - dependent and can easily undergo runaway reaction. Nevertheless, there was only a slight pressure increase at the low temperatures studied or when using low concentrations of CuCl2. Under the conditions generating the slight pressure increase, hypochlorite anions (ClO) are generated and the acidity increases. As the reaction reaches completion, ClO disappears, and the acidity decreases. Interestingly, the addition of phosphate buffer to maintain the weakly acid conditions led to a runaway reaction, and the use of basic ClO promoted the exothermic reaction. Based on the results, acidity has a strong impact on the reaction behaviour.  相似文献   
122.
Runaway reactions present a potentially serious threat to the chemical process industry and the community; such reactions occur time and time again often with devastating consequences. The main objective of this research is to study the root causes associated with ammonium nitrate (AN) explosions during storage. The research focuses on AN fertilizers and studies the effects of different types of fertilizer compatible additives on AN thermal decomposition. Reactive Systems Screening Tool (RSST) has been used for reactivity evaluation and to better understand the mechanisms that result in explosion hazards. The results obtained from this tool have been reported in terms of parameters such as “onset” temperature, rate of temperature and pressure rise and maximum temperature. The runaway behavior of AN has been studied as a solid and solution in water. The effect of additives such as sodium sulfate (Na2SO4) and potassium chloride (KCl) has also been studied. Multiple tests have been conducted to determine the characteristics of AN decomposition accurately. The results show that the presence of sodium sulfate can increase the “onset” temperature of AN decomposition thus acting as AN thermal decomposition inhibitor, while potassium chloride tends to decrease the “onset” temperature thus acting as AN thermal decomposition promoter.  相似文献   
123.
The chytrid fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis has been implicated in the decline and extinction of amphibian populations worldwide, but management options are limited. Recent studies show that sodium chloride (NaCl) has fungicidal properties that reduce the mortality rates of infected hosts in captivity. We investigated whether similar results can be obtained by adding salt to water bodies in the field. We increased the salinity of 8 water bodies to 2 or 4 ppt and left an additional 4 water bodies with close to 0 ppt and monitored salinity for 18 months. Captively bred tadpoles of green and golden bell frog (Litoria aurea) were released into each water body and their development, levels of B. dendrobatidis infection, and survival were monitored at 1, 4, and 12 months. The effect of salt on the abundance of nontarget organisms was also investigated in before and after style analyses. Salinities remained constant over time with little intervention. Hosts in water bodies with 4 ppt salt had a significantly lower prevalence of chytrid infection and higher survival, following metamorphosis, than hosts in 0 ppt salt. Tadpoles in the 4 ppt group were smaller in length after 1 month in the release site than those in the 0 and 2 ppt groups, but after metamorphosis body size in all water bodies was similar . In water bodies with 4 ppt salt, the abundance of dwarf tree frogs (Litoria fallax), dragonfly larvae, and damselfly larvae was lower than in water bodies with 0 and 2 ppt salt, which could have knock‐on effects for community structure. Based on our results, salt may be an effective field‐based B. dendrobatidis mitigation tool for lentic amphibians that could contribute to the conservation of numerous susceptible species. However, as in all conservation efforts, these benefits need to be weighed against negative effects on both target and nontarget organisms.  相似文献   
124.
乐珍妮  蒋勇  邱榕 《火灾科学》2019,28(2):119-127
选用氯化钠为基体制备金属火灾超细干粉灭火剂。应用反溶剂法对其改性,使纳米疏水二氧化硅吸附在氯化钠晶体表面,其中分散剂为PEG-1000。结果表明,纳米疏水二氧化硅的添加有利于细化氯化钠颗粒,但过量的添加会起反作用,最佳用量为3 wt%左右,平均粒径为2.18μm。镁片灭火实验证明超细复合干粉的灭火性能明显好于传统氯化钠灭火剂(商用D类灭火剂),纳米疏水二氧化硅最佳添加量为3 wt%,此时灭火时间仅需传统灭火剂的一半。最后利用FDS5.0模拟干粉颗粒与燃烧火焰作用过程,模拟结果表明干粉覆盖对火焰具有一定的抑制效果,并分析了复合干粉灭火机理。  相似文献   
125.
聚合氯化铝铁絮凝剂的性能研究   总被引:32,自引:2,他引:32  
高宝玉  王秀芬 《环境化学》1994,13(5):415-420
煤矸石是采煤过程之废料。本文利用煤矸石制备出了聚合氯化铝铁(PAFC):一种新型无机高分子絮凝剂,探讨了Fe^3+的稳定性与溶液离子强度之间的关系,发现溶液的离子强度越大,则产生Fe(OH)3沉淀时的PH越高。研究了PAFC水解产物的ζ电位及絮凝效果随PH的变化情况,比较了PAFC、PAC和PFS的除浊性能,PAFC在PH为7.0-8.2范围内除浊效果最佳,PAFC的除浊效果优于PAC。  相似文献   
126.
通过转座子Tn5诱变和同源重组,构建了Bradyrhizobium japonicum USDA110聚羟丁酸合成酶基因(phbC)突变体.序列测定确定了转座子插入的精确位置,所获得的4个转座子诱变的质粒其Tn5插在phbC基因内两个相距仅9bp的位点.被Southern和PCR证实的突变体菌株仍能产生相当于野生型菌株12.97%—25.10%的PHB,并且在突变体和野生型菌株总DNA杂交图上都呈现出一条约5kb的阳性带,推测在B.japonicum基因组中存在不止一个聚羟丁酸合成酶基因.图3表4参17  相似文献   
127.
五氯酚对鱼鳃丝组织结构及电解质元素的影响   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
利用场发射扫描电镜观察了罗非鱼在0.05mg L^-1和0.10mg L^-1五氯酚(PCP)中暴露3d,7d和10d后鳃丝上皮组织结构的变化,以及扫描电镜/X-射线能谱联用仪定量分析鳃丝中主要电解质元素Na,Ca和Cl的变化.与CK比较,随着暴露时问的延长和暴露浓度的增加,泌氯细胞出现的密度增加,部分泌氯细胞个体的面积也增大,扁平上皮细胞的微脊碎片数量增加,排列散乱,细胞受损现象明显;鳃丝中Na,Ca和Cl元素的含量总体上呈下降的趋势,在一定程度上说明与Ca^2 、Na^ 和Cl^-运转有关的酶的活性受到抑制.图2参14  相似文献   
128.
Different bacterial strains able to attack polyoxyethylene-type nonionic surfactants were isolated by enrichment procedure from the surface waters of the Arno River. Alkylphenol polyethoxylates and alkyl polyethoxylates, as well as polyethylene glycols, were degraded and assimilated by bacterial strains in axenic cultures. Degradative routes of polyethyleneoxide chains were investigated by matching each bacterial isolate with several types of nonionic surfactants and polyethers and by the identification of their degradation products isolated during aerobic digestion experiments. In accordance with previous reports, the first attack led to the shortening of the poly(oxyethylene) chains of the nonionic surfactants. It was found that the strains able to degrade PEG segments of nonionic surfactants possess enzymatic systems unable to degrade free PEGs, whereas those degrading the latter substrates cannot degrade PEG segments coupled to hydrophobic moieties.  相似文献   
129.
聚硫氯化铝絮凝效果及在水处理中的应用   总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8  
李俊梅 《化工环保》1998,18(1):7-10
采用聚硫氯化铝(PACS)为絮凝剂进行废水处理试验,对其絮凝效果及影响因素进行了研究,试验结果表明,PACS的SO4^2-含量,碱化度,投加量和水的pH对絮凝效果有影响,当Al^3+/SO4^2-(摩尔比)为14 ̄16,碱化度为65% ̄70%,pH为6 ̄9、PACS投加量为2 ̄4mg/L时,絮凝效果最佳,试验结果还表明,PACS比聚氯化铝(PAC)的絮凝效果好。  相似文献   
130.
Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) or vinyl is a recyclable material. It can be used as a chlorinating and a reducing agent. Two tests of chlorination and reduction of two different samples of jarosite and hematite were realized using PVC, results are presented in this paper. The chlorination test shows that the HCl gas produced from PVC and heated at ≈250°C can be used as a chlorine source to recover as chlorinated compounds the valuable metals such as Zn, Pb contained in jarosite. The XRD reveals the presence of lead and zinc chlorides in the condensates obtained. The second test of reduction was conducted using a mixture of PVC and hematite treated in a nitrogen atmosphere between 200 and 1000°C. The results show that at low temperature, PVC produces HCl and with kinetic consideration, no reactions can be observed with hematite. However, at high temperature, the weight of the hematite sample decreases by ≈15%, due to the reduction of hematite to iron metal.  相似文献   
设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号