扰动强度对钝化剂抑制滇池沉积物磷释放的影响

选取滇池福保湾表层沉积物,以聚合氯化铝为钝化剂,研究了扰动强度对钝化剂抑制沉积物中磷释放的影响.结果表明,当扰动强度低于一定范围时,聚合氯化铝对沉积物中的磷有抑制作用,当转速为0,60,120r/min时,对应的水中磷浓度分别为初始值的62.5%,71.7%和83.4%;当转速达到240r/min时,沉积物会向水中释放大量磷,钝化作用完全被破坏,水中磷浓度为初始值的3.3倍.此外,在转速低于120r/min时,磷形态主要是以无机磷(DIP)为主的溶解性磷(DTP),而转速达到240r/min时,水中DTP/TP30%,DIP/DTP40%,即磷形态主要为不溶性磷,溶解性磷中以有机磷(DOP)为主.     

Metal chlorides loaded on activated carbon to capture elemental mercury

Activated carbon (AC) was considered to be an effective sorbent to control mercury in combustion systems. However, its capture capacity was low and it required a high carbon-to-mercury mass ratio. AC loaded with catalyst showed a high elemental mercury (Hg0) capture capacity due to large surface area of AC and high oxidization ability of catalyst. In this study, several metal chlorides and metal oxides were used to promote the sorption capacity of AC. As a result, metal chlorides were better than metal oxides loaded on AC to remove gaseous mercury. X-ray diffractometer (XRD), thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA) and specific surface area by Brunauer- Emmett-Teller method (BET) analysis showed the main mechanisms: first, AC had an enormous surface area for loading enough MClx; second, Cl and MxOy were generated during pyrogenation of MClx; finally, there were lots of active elements such as Cl and MxOy which could react with elemental mercury and convert it to mercury oxide and mercury chloride. The HgO and HgCl2 might be released from AC’s porous structure by thermo regeneration. A catalytic chemisorption mechanism predominates the sorption process of elemental mercury. As Co and Mn were valence variable metal elements, their catalytic effect on Hg0 oxidization may accelerate both oxidation and halogenation of Hg0. The sorbents loaded with metal chlorides possessed a synergistic function of catalytic effect of valence variable metal and chlorine oxidation.     

水合氧化铁的制备及其吸附性能研究

采用恒pH沉淀法,以NaOH溶液为沉淀剂,在溶液pH为3~9的范围内制得4种水合氧化铁(即水铁矿,Fh)。通过XRD、表面零电荷时pH(pHPZC)的测定、N2吸附-脱附对其进行了表征。研究了溶液pH对Fh的甲基橙去除率的影响。表征结果显示:4种Fh均为2-线Fh;它们的pHPZC为6.7~7.9;溶液pH为5,7,9时制备的Fh(Fh5,Fh7,Fh9)的N2吸附-脱附曲线均为IUPAC定义的第Ⅲ种类型。实验结果表明:4种Fh均在溶液pH为4时对甲基橙去除率最高;当甲基橙初始质量浓度为30 mg/L时,Fh5对甲基橙的去除率最高,为92.8%。Langmuir方程更适合描述Fh5对甲基橙的吸附行为,甲基橙在Fh5上产生单分子层吸附,该吸附是自发、放热的物理吸附过程。     

O_3-脱硫灰-FeCl_3联合调理对污泥脱水性能的影响

以毛细吸水时间(CST)和滤饼含水率(Wc)为指标,探究O_3-脱硫灰-FeCl3联合调理对污泥脱水性能的影响。通过测定污泥各层胞外聚合物(EPS)含量、可溶性化学需氧量(SCOD)、Zeta电位以及红外光谱(FTIR),探讨了O_3、脱硫灰和FeCl_3调理污泥的作用机理。结果表明:O3-脱硫灰-FeCl_3联合调理污泥的效果明显好于O_3单独调理。SCOD和FTIR分析表明:部分EPS氧化分解为氨基酸、脂肪酸等小分子有机物或无机物,释放了部分表面吸附水和内部结合水。O_3能促进紧密粘附的胞外聚合物(TB-EPS)剥落;剥落的TB-EPS,部分转化为溶解性胞外聚合物(S-EPS)和松散粘附层胞外聚合物(LB-EPS),部分被Fe(OH)_3吸附。当O_3、脱硫灰和FeCl3投加量分别为85.72mg/g(DS)、400mg/g(DS)和60mg/g(DS)时,CST和Wc分别由1239.5s和83.69%降至204.3s和70.70%,脱水速度提高83.52%,脱水程度提高15.41%。     

纳米Fe_3O_4强化混凝-Fenton氧化预处理垃圾渗滤液

采用纳米Fe_3O_4与Fe Cl3制备复合混凝剂,利用混凝沉淀-Fenton氧化工艺预处理垃圾渗滤液原水,研究其处理效果。结果表明:在纳米Fe_3O_4投加量为2 g/L,Fe Cl3投加量为1.4 g/L时制备的复合混凝剂,在p H值为6.5,转速为300 r/min下快速搅拌1 min,转速为100 r/min下慢速搅拌30 min,沉淀时间为30 min的条件下,COD去除率为56.8%,ρ(COD)可由5 240 mg/L降低到2 264 mg/L;利用Fenton氧化处理混凝处理出水,在H_2O_2的投加量为5.5 g/L,n(H_2O_2)∶n(Fe2+)=4,p H值为6,反应时间为80 min,反应温度为25℃的最佳条件下,COD和氨氮的去除率分别为55.7%和40.1%,最终出水ρ(COD)和ρ(氨氮)分别为1 003 mg/L和670 mg/L;该组合工艺对垃圾渗滤液有较好的处理效果,COD、色度和氨氮的去除率分别为80.8%、59.5%和76.2%。     

造纸废水中有机氯化物的酶处理技术研究进展

目前用于造纸废水有机氯化物处理的酶包括：过氧化物酶、酪氨酸酶、酚氧化酶和木质素过氧化酶等,反应机理是,先通过酶反应形成游离基,然后游离基发生化学聚合反应生成高分子化合物沉淀,影响酶处理效率的主要因素包括污染物种类和浓度,酶的种类和浓度、ｐＨ、絮凝剂和吸附剂以及污染物之间的协同效应等。     

热活化和酸活化给水处理厂废弃铁铝泥的吸磷效果

探讨了酸活化和热活化方式对给水厂废弃铁铝泥(ferric and alum water treatment residuals,FARs)吸附磷能力的影响.结果表明,酸活化和热活化均能提高FARs的磷吸附能力,其中经2mol·L-1HCl酸活化的FARs(AH2.0-FARs)和300℃热活化的FARs(H300-FARs)取得最好的磷吸附效果.结合SEM和XRD表征技术对活化机制分析得知,两种活化方式均会使FARs变得疏松、多孔,从而提高FARs对磷的吸附能力.Langmuir和Freundlich两种模型均可很好地反映活化前后FARs的等温吸附过程,FARs对磷的理论饱和吸附量由活化前的20.48mg·g-1分别增加到22.86mg·g-1(AH2.0-FARs)和29.66mg·g-1(H300-FARs).低pH值有利于FARs对磷的吸附.此外,解吸附实验结果表明活化后的FARs能够更好地固定磷.因此,活化后的FARs是一种相对更好的磷的吸附材料.     

Experimental investigation of groundwater contamination by surface sources: Determination of adsorption capacity,diffusion, and sorption potential of selected anions in different soils

The present study investigated the fate and transport of two significant anions through soil to explore their potential as groundwater contaminants. The retention properties of chloride and sulfate in soils having several significantly different characteristics (soil‐1 and soil‐2) were determined using adsorption test and adsorption‐diffusion column experiments. The maximum adsorption capacity of chloride was 3.7 and 1.16 mg/g, respectively, in soil‐1 and soil‐2, with organic matter (OM) content of 3.92% and 4.69%, respectively. The sulfate adsorption obtained was 24.09% and 13.83%, respectively, in the two soils. The anions exhibited monolayer adsorption in the soils with replacement of hydroxyl ions from soils as the major mechanism of adsorption. On the other hand, the adsorption capacities obtained from the adsorption‐diffusion column experiment were about 100 times lower compared to that of the column tests of both of the soils. The maximum adsorption capacity of chloride was 0.03 mg/g and 0.01 mg/g, respectively, in soil‐1 and soil‐2, whereas that of sulfate was 0.04 mg/g and 0.03 mg/g. The empirical relation for depth of penetration (d) from a known spillage onto the soil surface was determined as a function of sorption capacity (S) and initial anion concentration (C) as d = 0.0073e^(?57S)C and d = 0.0038e^(?35S)C for chloride and sulfate, respectively.     

二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵的合成

为制备聚二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵絮凝剂,采用二步法制备了二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵单体,即在强碱性条件下由烯丙基氯和二甲胺反应先生成二收藏 －烯丙基叔胺,将该叔胺分离出来并再次加入烯丙基氯同会２丙介质中结晶析出委胺晶体。     

温敏性水凝胶对金属离子Y3+,UO2+2的浓集分离

利用合成的ＰＮＩＰＡＡｍ／ＡＡｃ交联共聚温敏性水凝胶分别对水溶液中微量的Ｙ＾２＋,ＣＵ２＾２＋离子进行浓集分离研究。实验结果表明,凝胶能有效浓集Ｙ＾２＋,ＵＯ２＾２＋离子,在ＰＨ＝１～４范围内,凝胶的溶胀比及对Ｙ＾３＋,ＵＯ２＾２＋的浓集率均随ＰＨ的增大而增大,浓集率分别达到８０％和９０％,凝胶溶胀比的增大浓集量分别为５．２９３ｍｇ．ｇ＾－１、３６．１６ｍｇ．ｇ＾－１凝胶的表面积也对浓集率有限大影