催化湿式氧化法降解水中的β-萘酚

采用催化湿式氧化法降解β-萘酚,制备了一系列MnOx/nano-TiO2催化剂,对其制备条件、反应条件及催化剂的稳定性进行了研究,同时对催化剂进行了X射线衍射(XRD)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)及程序升温还原(TPR)等表征.结果表明,Mn负载量过高时,高分散的MnO2和Mn2O3聚集形成相应的晶相,导致了β-萘酚COD去除率的降低;焙烧温度过高时,可能是因为形成较多活性较差的Mn2O3,MnO2和Mn2O3之间的电子传递作用被削弱,造成COD去除率的降低;催化剂使用6次后COD去除率略微降低可能是和对应的衍射峰峰强度下降有关.当Mn负载量(质量分数)为4%、焙烧温度为450℃时所制备的MnOx/nano-TiO2催化剂活性较好,其在反应温度为110℃、反应总压力为0.5 MPa的条件下催化β-萘酚降解时COD去除率可达96.4%.该催化剂重复使用6次后β-萘酚COD去除率仍可达92.4%.采用原子吸收光谱(AAS)分别测定50、80、110及150℃时反应后溶液中Mn的溶出量,均低于9.3 mg·L-1,催化剂稳定性较好.根据文献对β-萘酚的降解路径进行了推测.     

草甘膦对青鳉鱼卵黄蛋白原的诱导及其潜在分子机理

为了研究草甘膦潜在的雌激素效应,将1~3d的雌雄青鳉幼鱼暴露于不同浓度 (0.2, 2, 20, 200, 2000μg/L)的草甘膦5周,发现雌雄鱼肝脏卵黄蛋白原(VTG I)基因表达分别在0.2, 2, 20μg/L浓度(雌鱼)和2, 20, 200μg/L浓度(雄鱼)下受到显著诱导,但在高浓度下(雌鱼,200μg/L和2000μg/L;雄鱼,2000μg/L)恢复到正常水平.草甘膦诱导雌激素效应的机理存在雌雄差异:雌鱼中雌激素效应主要由于草甘膦诱导了脑部FSH和性腺CYP19A基因,从而增加了雌激素合成能力.雄鱼中主要由于草甘膦抑制肝脏中雌激素代谢酶 (CYP1A、CYP1B和CYP3A)而显示雌激素效应.     

Al2O3/β-40催化剂同时脱硫脱硝性能

以溶胶凝胶法制备的30% Al2O3/β-40为载体,采用浸渍法制备出负载不同金属氧化物的催化剂。采用XRD、H2-TPR、BET对催化剂结构和性质进行表征,以CO为还原剂考察催化剂的脱硫脱硝活性。结果显示12% NiO/30% Al2O3/β-40脱硫脱硝活性最佳,500℃时NO、SO2转化率均可达到90%以上。     

含17β-雌二醇饮用水氯化消毒前后水质生物毒性的变化

选择饮用水中经常暴露的17β-雌二醇（E2）为研究对象,考察了含有E2饮用水在氯化消毒前后的水质生物毒性变化规律。小球藻急性毒性实验结果表明,不同浓度E2（0、2、4、8、16 mg·L-1）单独暴露条件下,其对小球藻的生长抑制率呈现出较为明显的剂量-效应关系,即随着E2暴露浓度的升高,对小球藻的生长抑制率有所增加;在较高氯投量下（E2与氯摩尔浓度比值为1：2和1：5）,氯化消毒后水样对小球藻的生长抑制率均高于氯化消毒前,而在低氯投量下（E2与氯摩尔浓度比值为4：1和1：1）,水样对小球藻的生长抑制率均低于氯化消毒前,表明低氯投量可降低E2产生的水质急性毒性风险。小球藻酶活性实验结果表明,无论是SOD活力、CAT活力,还是MDA含量,并没有出现因受E2暴露和氯氧化胁迫而产生显著上升的趋势,表明E2单独暴露或E2经氯化消毒后并不会对小球藻的酶活性产生显著影响。     

Birth of healthy children after preimplantation diagnosis of β-thalassemia by whole-genome amplification

Preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) offers couples at risk for transmitting an inherited disorder the possibility to avoid the need to terminate affected pregnancies. PGD for monogenic diseases is most commonly accomplished by blastomere biopsy from cleavage-stage embryos, followed by PCR-based DNA analysis. However, the molecular heterogeneity of many monogenic diseases requires a diagnostic strategy capable of detecting a range of mutations and compound genotypes. With the above considerations, we developed an accurate and reliable strategy for analysis of β-globin gene mutations, applicable for PGD for the wide spectrum of β-thalassemia major mutations in the Chinese population. The strategy involves primer-extension preamplification (PEP), followed by nested PCR and reverse dot blot (RDB) for mutation detection since it facilitates simultaneous analysis of more than one mutation in a single cell. This report describes the application of the strategy in two clinical IVF/PGD cycles at risk for transmitting β-thalassemia major, which resulted in the first thalassemia-free children born after PGD in China. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Kinetic analysis of anaerobic phosphorus release during biological phosphorus removal process

Enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) is a commonly used and sustainable method for phosphorus removal from wastewater. Poly-β-hydroxybutyrate (PHB), polyphosphate, and glycogen are three kinds of intracellular storage polymers in phosphorus accumulation organisms. The variation of these polymers under different conditions has an apparent influence on anaerobic phosphorus release, which is very important for controlling the performance of EBPR. To obtain the mechanism and kinetic character of anaerobic phosphorus release, a series of batch experiments were performed using the excessively aerated sludge from the aerobic unit of the biological phosphorus removal system in this study. The results showed that the volatile suspended solid (VSS) had an increasing trend, while the mixed liquid suspended sludge (MLSS) and ashes were reduced during the anaerobic phosphorus release process. The interruption of anaerobic HAc-uptake and phosphorus-release occurs when the glycogen in the phosphorus-accumulating-organisms is exhausted. Under the condition of lower initial HAc-COD, HAc became the limiting factor after some time for anaerobic HAc uptake. Under the condition of higher initial HAc-COD, HAc uptake was stopped because of the depletion of glycogen in the microorganisms. The mean ratio of Δρ _P/Δρ _PHB, Δρ _GLY/Δρ _PHB, Δρ _P/ΔCOD, was 0.48, 0.50, 0.44, and 0.92, respectively, which was nearly the same as the theoretical value. The calibrated kinetic parameters of the HAc-uptake and phosphorus-release model were evaluated as follows: Q _HAc,max was 164 mg/(g · h), Q _P,max was 69.9 mg/(g · h), K _gly was 0.005, and KCOD was 3 mg/L. An apparently linear correlation was observed between the ratio of Δρ _P/ΔCOD and pH of the solution, and the equation between them was obtained in this study. Translated from Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae, 2005, 25(9), 1164–1169 [译自: 环境科学学报]     

Analysis of α, β, γ-hexachlorocyclohexanes in water by novel activated carbon fiber-solid phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography--mass spectrometry

A fast and simple method for determination of α, β,γ-hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs) in water using activated carbon fibersolid phase microextraction(ACF-SPME) were studied. Results showed the performance of adsorption and desorption of three HCHs on ACF were excellent. A wide linear range from 10 to 100 μg/L and detection limits of the ng/L level were obtained using ACF-SPME with GC-MS in selected ion monitoring(SIM) acquisition mode. The proposed method was also successfully applied for determination of three HCHs in tap water. Compared to commercial fibers, ACF showed some advantages such as better resistance to solvents, higher thermal stability, longer lifetime and lower cost. The data demonstrated that GC-MS with ACF-SPME is well suitable for the analysis of HCHs in water.     

Variation in the levels of pregnancy- specific β-1-glycoprotein in maternal serum from chromosomally abnormal pregnancies

Human pregnancy-specific β-1-glycoprotein (SP1) was assayed retrospectively in stored maternal serum (MS) samples from 82 chromosomally abnormal pregnancies and 377 matched controls. The median MSSP1 concentration in 48 Down's syndrome pregnancies was significantly elevated at 1.17 multiples of the control median (MOM), and significantly reduced (0.5 MOM) in a group of eight cases of unbalanced translocations. There was no significant difference in median SP1 concentrations in cases of trisomy 18, trisomy 13, balanced translocations, or sex chromosome abnormalities. A comparison with human chorionic gonadotrophin results in the same series of samples indicates that SP1 is a less sensitive predictor of Down's syndrome pregnancies.     

β-Glucuronidase activity in mouse oocytes,mouse preimplantation embryos,and human gametes

A microfluorimetric assay was designed to monitor β-glucuronidase (β-gluc) activity during the early development of mouse embryos and was also applied to measure β-gluc activity in human sperm cells and single human oocytes. Mouse oocytes and preimplantation embryos at different stages of development, failed fertilized human oocytes, and human sperm cells were collected, and β-gluc activity was analysed. In the mouse, β-gluc activity could be measured starting from the morula stage on in a pooled sample of 15 embryos and at blasto-cyst formation in one single embryo. β-Gluc activity was low in human sperm cells. The enzyme could be readily demonstrated in 87 per cent of non-fertilized human oocytes. Considerable variation in β-gluc activity was noticed between individual oocytes.