天津永定新河沉积物中多卤联苯的污染水平和生物有效性

通过测定天津市永定新河沉积物和同步采集的溞体内多氯联苯（PCBs）和多溴联苯（PBBs）含量,初步评价此类持久性有机污染物的潜在生态风险.结果显示,经归一化处理后,在永定新河沉积物中主要检出的18种PCBs和14种PBBs总含量分别为492.4~3251.9ng·g-1和429.7~2950.0ng·g-1（以有机碳计）,而在溞体内PCBs和PBBs的总含量分别是301.8~1765.4ng·g-1和309.7~1987.8ng·g-1（以脂肪计）.计算得到的PCBs和PBBs沉积物生物富集系数（BSAF）分别在0.1~1.3和0.1~3.0之间,明显小于根据平衡分配模型的预测值和其他文献报道值.同时, BSAF数值与相应污染物的辛醇/水分配系数的对数(logKow)值之间无相关关系（p>0.08）,且在不同采样点间的变异系数相差较大（20%~90%）.研究结果还表明,与国内外已经发表数据相比,永定新河沉积物中PCBs和PBBs均处在较高污染水平,但是绝大部分目标污染物的BSAF数值偏低,沉积物结合态污染物的生物有效性相对较低,且在不同采样点间存在着较大差异.     

S型皮托管截面受损与皮托管系数变化的实验研究

污染源排放废气流速通常在7～15m／s之间。通过S型皮托管在低速风洞中与标准皮托管的对比实验说明,在10m／s,15m／s两种情况下,皮托管迎风面截面变化对皮托管系数却的影响很大,实验结果可供污染源废气监测和皮托管定期检定进行参考。     

江西葛源黄山铌（钽）矿床地质特征及成因分析

江西葛源黄山铌（钽）矿床位于灵山花岗岩体西侧的内外接触带上,受赣东北深大断裂及其次级北东向和北西西向断裂的控制。围岩蚀变主要为角岩化、矽卡岩化和黑鳞、铁锂云母岩化等。总体矿化特征,近岩体富铌,远岩体而富钽。     

稀土元素与辣根过氧化物酶相互作用机理的论述

叙述了稀土元素的化学结构及其在农业方面的应用,系统介绍了植物辣根过氧化物酶(HRP)的结构及其在植物体内的功能,并以重稀土元素Tb(Ⅲ)为例,通过探讨其对HRP的酶活和生态毒理效应等影响的研究,对两者相互作用的可能性机理进行了研究。     

公众参与环评听证法律问题研究

对于比较敏感或涉及面较广建设项目的环境影响评价公众参与的表达途径,一般采用听证会。在中国,公众参与环评听证会,在听证公告、代表遴选、政府回应方面都面临困境,需要分别找寻出路:对于听证公告,要明确适用范围、确立合理期限、完善内容规定、采用合理方式来应对;对于代表遴选,建立一整套行之有效的制度势在必行;对于政府回应,建立一个合理的评估系统、启动司法审查不失为良策。     

钢铁企业节水评价指标体系的构建

针对中国钢铁行业尚未建立节水评价指标体系的现状,在广泛查阅资料的基础上,遵循科学合理性、目标导向性、实用性和可比性的原则,构建了钢铁企业节水评价指标体系。指标体系的建立使钢铁企业的节水成效具有横向和纵向可比性,有利于调动企业的节水积极性,促进节水技术的发展和推广,为钢铁企业开展节水工作指明目标和方向。     

养殖鳜鱼体内典型有机氯化合物的检测与人体健康风险评估初探

利用GC-ECD检测了江苏省吴江市某养殖塘内的一批鳜鱼体内有机氯农药（OCPs）和多氯联苯（PCBs）等典型有机氯化合物（OCs）的含量水平,并对其人体健康风险进行了初步评估.结果表明,养殖鳜鱼体内滴滴涕（DDTs）、六六六（HCHs）、六氯苯（HCB）和PCBs的含量范围分别为1.3～4.57、0.13～1.24、0...     

RESEARCH: Comparison of Temporal Trends in Ambient and Compliance Trace Element and PCB Data in Pool 2 of the Mississippi River, USA, 1985–1995

6+ ), copper (Cu), lead (Pb), mercury (Hg), nickel (Ni), selenium (Se), zinc (Zn), and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Water-column, bed-sediment, and fish-tissue (fillets) data collected by five government agencies comprised the ambient data set; effluent data from five registered facilities comprised the compliance data set. The nonparametric Mann-Kendall trend test indicated that 33% of temporal trends in all data were statistically significant (P < 0.05). Possible reasons for this were low sample sizes, and a high percentage of samples below the analytical detection limit. Trends in compliance data were more distinct; most trace elements decreased significantly, probably due to improvements in wastewater treatment. Seven trace elements (Cr, Cd, Cu, Pb, Hg, Ni, and Zn) had statistically significant decreases in wastewater and portions of either or both ambient water and bed sediment. No trends were found in fish tissue. Inconsistency in trends between ambient and compliance data were often found for individual constituents, making overall similarity between the data sets difficult to determine. Logistical differences in monitoring programs, such as varying field and laboratory methods among agencies, made it difficult to assess ambient temporal trends.     

Measurements of selected PCBs in open urban ambient air of Madrid (Spain)

The focus of this study was to characterize the concentration levels of selected PCBs and compare them to compiled data in order to contribute to the international database. The sampling site is located in the outskirts of Madrid and can be considered an open urban area. 32 samples of air were taken from February 1998 to June 1998 by using a high volume air sampler. Glass fiber filters and polyurethane foam (PUF) were used to collect the paniculate and gas phase material, respectively. PUF plugs were Soxhlet extracted and filters were ultrasonically extracted by using pesticide-grade hexane and dichloromethane, respectively. The cleanup procedure was carried out on a florisil column with hexane and hexane/dichloromethane as elution solvents. GC/MS in a selected ion monitoring mode was used for quantification and 29 selected PCBs congeners were analyzed.     

基因重组细胞在环境样品多氯联苯检测中的应用

为发展快速、简便和廉价的检测环境和生物样品中的多氯联苯技术,本研究利用重组有绿色荧光蛋白(GFP)和荧光素酶(Luc)报告基因的2个细胞系,检测从野外环境中所采集的水、底泥和生物样品中的多氯联苯的含量.研究结果表明,GFP和Luc荧光强度与多氯联苯标样浓度的相关性很好,相关系数分别达到0.99188和0.98239;具有很好的剂量-效应关系.与气相色谱-电子捕获器法(GC-ECD)的仪器分析比较,GFP和Luc的荧光强度与环境样品中的多氯联苯化合物含量也具有很好的相关性.因此可用于受多氯联苯污染的环境样品筛选和半定量快速、简便、廉价检测.