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321.
322.
用透射电镜研究聚硅氯化铝混凝剂的结构形貌 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
用透射电镜观察比较了聚硅氯化铝(PASC)与聚合氯化铝(PAC)混凝剂的结构形貌,探讨了碱化度(B)、Al/Si摩尔比、及制备工艺对PASC结构形貌的影响,研究结果表明,PASC较PAC具有更大的聚集度和枝化度,PASC的聚集度随B值的升高和Al/Si摩尔比的降低而增大,共聚法制备的PASC较复合法制备的PASC具有更大的聚集度。 相似文献
323.
Laboratory batch experiments have been performed with sediment and groundwater obtained from two sites in Denmark to study the aerobic biodegradation of vinyl chloride (VC) and cis-1,2-dichloroethylene (c-1,2-DCE) to assess the natural aerobic biodegradation potential at two sites. The experiments revealed that VC was degraded to below the detection limit within 204 and 57 days at the two sites. c-1,2-DCE was also degraded in the experiments but not completely. At the two sites 50% and 35% was removed by the end of the experimental period of 204 and 274 days. The removal of c-1,2-DCE seems to occur concomitantly with VC indicating that the biodegradation of c-1,2-DCE may depend on the biodegradation of VC. However, in both cases natural groundwater was mixed with sediment and consequently there may be other compounds (e.g. ammonium, natural organic compound etc.) that serves as primary substrates for the co-metabolic biodegradation of c-1,2-DCE. At one of the sites methane was supplied to try to enhance the biodegradation of VC and c-1,2-DCE. That was successful since the time for complete biodegradation of VC decreased from 204 days in the absence of methane to 84 days in the presence of methane. For c-1,2-DCE the amount that was biodegraded after 204 days increased from 50% to 90% as a result of the addition of methane. It seems like a potential for natural biodegradation exists at least for VC at these two sites and also to some degree for c-1,2-DCE. 相似文献
324.
聚合铝絮凝动态过程研究 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
本文采用新型动脉动絮凝检测技术,测定了不同碱化度(B值)的聚合铝凝聚絮凝过程中絮集物颗粒的形成与增长过程的动态变化差异,结果表明,该技术对监测凝聚絮凝过程中絮集物的形成与增长是十分敏感的,絮凝指数(R)可在线地反映絮集物动态增长过程的变化,高碱化度聚合铝(B=2.5),比低碱化度聚合铝及氯化铝具有更快的絮凝絮凝速度和形成更大的絮集物颗粒,通过絮凝指数的测定,并结合剩余浊度和ζ电位测定数据,为深入了 相似文献
325.
George A. Meindl Nicholas Schleissmann Brianna Sander Michael Lam Wyatt Parker Courtney Fitzgerald 《Chemistry and Ecology》2020,36(3):194-204
ABSTRACTHuman activity has led to widespread chemical alteration of natural environments. Aquatic ecosystems are especially susceptible to chemical changes, including those caused by runoff and invasive species. Here, we examined the effects of water chemistry, specifically sodium chloride as well as three metals (Ca, K, and Mn) known to differ between native and invasive wetland plant species’ leaf tissues, on the development of two model amphibians: the native Northern leopard frog, Lithobates pipiens, and the non-native African clawed frog, Xenopus laevis. We exposed frog eggs to metal treatment solutions and measured time to hatching (TTH), and following hatching, we exposed tadpoles to a lethal concentration of sodium chloride and recorded time to death (TTD). We found that increasing metal concentrations generally resulted in acceleration of TTH for Xenopus tadpoles, but had no effect on leopard frogs. However, increasing metal concentrations (Ca, Mn) increased leopard frog tadpole susceptibility to NaCl (decreased TTD), while increasing metal concentrations (Ca, K) generally resulted in decreased Xenopus tadpole susceptibility to NaCl. Overall, our data suggest that invasive amphibians may be more tolerant to chemical changes than native amphibians, including those driven by the introduction of invasive plant species. 相似文献
326.
有机锡化合物对水生无脊椎动物的毒性研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
通过不同层次水生无脊椎动物的毒理学研究,能更好地反映有机化合物的生态效应,以氯化三丁基锡(TBTCl)为例,结果表明,TBTCl对原生动物等5种水生无脊椎动物的半致死浓度(LC50)为25.65-355.63ppb,有明显的种特异性,TBTCl对河口轮虫种群净生殖率EC50为10ppb,影响平均寿命EC50为22ppb,根据浓度C及原生动物平衡种类数Seq进行回归,得方程Seq=11.87-1.8 相似文献
327.
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329.
Deposition behavior of residual aluminum in drinking water distribution system: Effect of aluminum speciation 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Yue Zhang Baoyou Shi Yuanyuan Zhao Mingquan Yan Darren A. Lytle Dongsheng Wang 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2016,28(4):142-151
Finished drinking water usually contains some residual aluminum.The deposition of residual aluminum in distribution systems and potential release back to the drinking water could significantly influence the water quality at consumer taps.A preliminary analysis of aluminum content in cast iron pipe corrosion scales and loose deposits demonstrated that aluminum deposition on distribution pipe surfaces could be excessive for water treated by aluminum coagulants including polyaluminum chloride(PACl).In this work,the deposition features of different aluminum species in PACl were investigated by simulated coil-pipe test,batch reactor test and quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring.The deposition amount of non-polymeric aluminum species was the least,and its deposition layer was soft and hydrated,which indicated the possible formation of amorphous Al(OH)3.Al13 had the highest deposition tendency,and the deposition layer was rigid and much less hydrated,which indicated that the deposited aluminum might possess regular structure and self-aggregation of Al13could be the main deposition mechanism.While for Al30,its deposition was relatively slower and deposited aluminum amount was relatively less compared with Al13.However,the total deposited mass of Al30 was much higher than that of Al13,which was attributed to the deposition of particulate aluminum matters with much higher hydration state.Compared with stationary condition,stirring could significantly enhance the deposition process,while the effect of pH on deposition was relatively weak in the near neutral range of 6.7 to 8.7. 相似文献
330.
以氯化铁和无水碳酸钠为原料,加入稳定剂W,采用共聚工艺,制备了稳定高浓度的聚合氯化铁(PFC)混凝剂.采用Fe-Ferron逐时络合比色法研究了PFC中铁的形态分布情况,考察了熟化时间、碱化度(B)及n(W)/n(Fe)(W/Fe摩尔比)对PFC中铁的形态分布的影响.研究结果表明,在PFC中,由于稳定剂W与铁的水解产物间的相互作用,使得铁的水解聚合形态分布及转化情况发生了变化.碱化度(B)、n(W)/n(Fe)和熟化时间均对铁的形态分布有重要的影响. 相似文献