碱式氯化铝生产工艺改革实践

针对传统碱式氯化铝生产的固液分离难，盐基度低，设备防腐难等问题，改用碳酸铝替代结晶氢氧化铝，并引进铝，钙复合料调适盐基度，实现了易溶，节能，产品盐基度高的目的，使该生产厂ＰＡＣ生产开创新局面。     

高浓度复合型聚铁硅絮凝剂PFSS和PSFS的形态分布研究

采用紫外分光光度法、逐时络合比色法和红外图谱从不同角度对高浓度聚合硫酸铁硅和聚合硅酸铁的形态分布及转化规律进行了探讨。紫外吸收表明，聚铁硅絮凝剂中主要以Fe（OH）2^＋、Fe2（OH）2^4＋等二聚体为主，而且还有三聚体或其他聚合形态的存在；逐时络合分析显示，复合型聚铁硅体系中硅形态以Si（c）为主，铁形态以Fe（a）和Fe（c）为主；红外图谱证实高浓度聚铁硅是以羟桥为主结构连接的高分子复合物，在1100cm^-1附近M-OH-M的振动证明有铁羟基及其聚合态存在，且其形态区别于PFS。     

Natural attenuation of trichloroethene and its degradation products at a lake-shore site

Subsurface contamination by trichloroethene (TCE) was detected at a Michigan National Priorities List (NPL) site in 1982. The TCE plume resulted from the disposal of spent solvent and other chemicals at an industrial facility located in the eastern shore of Lake Michigan. TCE degradation products of three dichloroethene (DCE) isomers, vinyl chloride (VC) and ethene were present. The plume was depleted of oxygen and methanogenic at certain depths. Transects of the plume were sampled by slotted auger borings the year after the TCE plume was first discovered. Water samples were also taken from lake sediments to a depth of 12 m about 100 m offshore. Later samples were taken along the shoreline of the lake with a hand-driven probe. Later in 1998 water was taken from sediments about 3-m from the shoreline. The average concentration of each chemical and net apparent base coefficient between appropriate pairs of transects between the lower site and lakeshore were calculated. Loss rates were then calculated from an analytical solution of the two-dimensional advective-dispersive-reactive transport equation. Net apparent rate coefficients and a set of coupled reaction rate equations were used to extract the apparent loss coefficients. This study showed the field evidence for natural attenuation of TCE.     

高氯废水中的化学需氧量测定方法探讨

针对高氯废水化学需氧量的测定方法以及原理作了阐述，最终确定一种最直接、简便、准确的硫酸汞倍数添加法测定CODcr.     

PVC废物及其处理技术

PVC广泛应用于工业和日常生活中 ,PVC废物的产生量将会在将来一段时间内持续增长 ,对PVC废物处理处置问题研究成为固体废物处理处置的一个方向。目前 ,PVC废物还缺乏系统、完善的管理手段和处理技术。本文在分析PVC废物特点其环境潜在危害特性的基础上 ,比较分析各种PVC废物处理技术的优势和存在的问题 ,及国内外在PVC废物处理处置方面的具体实践 ,以期探讨PVC废物的处理对策并提出今后PVC废物处理的发展趋势和研究方向     

Effects of copper chloride on formation of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins in model waste incineration

Combustion experiments in a laboratory-scale fluidized-bed reactor were conducted to elucidate the effects of copper chloride as a catalyst on polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) formation in municipal waste incineration. We used model wastes with and without copper chloride (CuCl₂ · 2H₂O), both of which contained polyvinyl chloride as a chlorine source. Combustion temperature was set to 900 °C, and the amount of air supplied was twice the stoichiometric ratio. The experimental setup was carefully planned to suppress the influences of experimental conditions except the waste composition. Results of these experiments showed that copper chloride in the waste increased the amount of PCDDs formed and made the homologue profile to shift towards the highly chlorinated species. Copper chloride contributes to the PCDDs formation by promoting chlorination, whereby the reaction is important in that organic matter is chlorinated directly by copper compounds. Copper chloride did not exert a great influence on the isomer distribution patterns of PCDDs, while there appeared a significant difference in the case of PCDFs. This points out the difference of the major formation mechanisms between PCDDs and PCDFs. PCDDs are less formed by the catalytic reactions from carbon/polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons than PCDFs in our experimental conditions.     

聚氯乙烯(PVC)水解脱氯的研究

采用高压反应釜，在过热水条件下对PVC脱氯过程进行研究，结果表明，水解工艺可以有效地脱除PVC中的氯，并就工艺条件对脱氯效果的影响进行讨论，适宜的工艺条件为：反应温度220℃，反应时间2h，初始压力3.0MPa，碱浓度4%。     

三氯化铁聚合过程中溶液吸光度的变化

本文报道了三氯化铁及聚氯化铁溶液的吸收光度，以及三氯化铁转化为聚铁化合物过程中吸光度的变化规律，建立了吸光度与实测盐基度及理论盐基度的相关方程，并考察了三氯化铁聚合过程中体系摩尔吸光系数的变化，提出根据摩尔吸光系数可以判断聚铁化合物的形态。     

间接原子吸收法测定水中氯化物研究

本工作以Ｃｌ＾－与过量Ａｇ＾＋生成ＡｇＣｌ沉淀反应为基础，较详细地探讨了各种强电解质作为絮凝剂对ＡｇＣｌ沉淀的影响，确定了反应的条件，从而提出了一个测定水中Ｃｌ＾－的是接原子吸收法，Ｃｌ＾－浓度在０－５０μｇ／１０ｍｌ范围呈线性，用建立的方法测定自来水中Ｃｌ＾－，再现性与准确度俱佳，用本法测定废水中Ｃｌ＾－的结果与经典的比浊法，和离子色谱法的结果相符。     

聚合氯化铝微波法修饰磁性碳纳米管对水中腐殖酸的去除

用化学共沉淀法制备磁性碳纳米管,然后以聚合氯化铝(PAC)通过微波法修饰得到磁性聚合氯化铝碳纳米管复合材料,并用以去除水中的腐殖酸(HA),对复合材料的组成与结构进行了表征,考察了不同微波制备条件下复合材料去除HA的效果,研究了吸附工艺中HA去除的影响因素,对复合材料同步去除HA和浊度的可行性进行了探讨。能谱、X-射线衍射及红外光谱分析表明,PAC和磁性物质Fe3O4、γ-Fe2O3成功负载于碳纳米管上。PAC修饰显著提高了磁性碳纳米管对HA的去除率。在微波功率600 W及微波时间6 min条件下得到的复合材料去除HA的效果最佳,去除率达99.15%。当HA初始质量浓度小于25 mg/L时,HA去除率较高,但高于25 mg/L后吸附量变化不大而去除率下降;HA去除率随材料投加量增大而增大,但大于0.5 g/L后基本不变;在酸性与中性条件下HA去除率较高,在碱性条件下急剧下降;对于初始质量浓度为20 mg/L的HA溶液,吸附前5 min的HA去除速率很快,90 min时达到吸附平衡,平衡吸附量为39.48 mg/g;温度对去除HA没有影响。控制适当的条件,可同步去除HA和浊度,去除率同步达95%以上。