混凝剂活性污泥法处理城市污水研究

采用混凝剂硫酸铝和氯化铁,研究了混凝剂活性污泥法的长期除磷效果,对两种混凝剂除磷性能进行了比较。研究表明,在混凝剂活性污泥法中,硫酸铝的稳定投药量为80 mg/L,与生物不具协同作用;氯化铁的稳定投药量为50 mg/L,与生物具有协同作用。在活性污泥反应器中,氯化铁的除磷性能好于硫酸铝。硫酸铝和氯化铁混凝剂不仅没有明显影响生物脱氮效果,而且能提高有机物的去除效果。     

TTPC对铜绿微囊藻生长及生理的影响

试验设定了6个TTPC浓度梯度处理组和1个对照组,研究十四烷基三丁基氯化鏻(TTPC)对铜绿微囊藻(FACHB469)生长及生理的影响。结果表明当TTPC浓度超过0.6 mg/L时能有效地抑杀铜绿微囊藻,当TTPC浓度为0.8 mg/L,藻细胞与药剂接触时间96 h,相对抑制率达84.68%,同时铜绿微囊藻的可溶性蛋白质量分数、叶绿素a含量及总糖质量分数与对照组相比均显著下降(p<0.05)。根据以上实验结果,我们结果推测TTPC杀藻机理可能是通过阻碍藻细胞生命活动所必需的蛋白合成,抑制叶绿素a的合成,导致藻细胞生命活动所需糖类等物质含量急剧降低,从而使藻细胞生命过程受到阻塞,最终破坏整个藻细胞。     

AM-DAC-DMDAAC共聚物制备及其絮凝性能研究

采用光辅助引发技术,通过水溶液聚合法制备阳离子型丙烯酰胺(AM)-丙烯酰氧乙基三甲基氯化铵(DAC)-二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵(DMDAAC)共聚物P(AM-DAC-DMDAAC)。考察了两种阳离子单体配比、引发温度、溶液pH值、引发剂质量分数等因素对产物特性黏数及溶解性的影响,并对产物的絮凝性能进行了研究。结果表明,在m(DAC)∶m(DMDAAC)=1∶1、引发温度为15℃、pH=5、引发剂质量分数为0.003 0%时,所得聚合物的特性黏数达16.047 9 d L/g,溶解时间为40 min。在P(AM-DAC-DMDAAC)特性粘数12.110 2d L/g,用量为0.04%的条件下,污水的透光率96.00%,絮凝率76.04%,脱水率83.75%。     

模拟高效涡流澄清池除砷效果试验研究

通过模拟高效涡流澄清池的水力条件,研究了氧化剂次氯酸钠的投加量、预氧化时间及混凝剂氯化铁(FeCl3)和聚合氯化铝(PAC)不同的投加量等对除砷效果的影响,从而为高效涡流澄清池除砷的可行性提供试验依据.试验结果表明,在模拟高效涡流澄清池水力条件下,投加次氯酸钠10 mg/L预氧化10 min后,投加氯化铁15 mg/L...     

氯盐融雪剂对城市道路绿化带土壤性状的影响

2009年底至2010年初,北京市降雪非常集中且强度较大,为保障交通畅通,大量的氯盐融雪剂在北京城区的绿地上应用,其用量达3万t.路面撒施的融雪剂不可避免地进入分车带、绿化带等绿地,对绿地植物正常生长造成威胁.文章通过实地采集了45个绿地土样,研究了道路绿地土壤盐分等相关指标,结果表明,与对照相比,撒施融雪剂对道路绿化...     

高氯废水中化学需氧量的测定

文章研究了一种适用于高氯废水的无汞测定化学需氧量的方法。水样中加入10 mL重铬酸钾和15 mL浓硫酸,消解0.5h,冷却至室温再加入0.3 g硫酸银,消解1.5 h,测得其COD测定值,根据COD Cl-Cl-的关系曲线得到由氯离子产生的COD Cl-,将COD测定值减去C OD Cl-即为水样的COD真实值。实验证明,该方法适用于氯离子浓度不超过5 000 mg/L废水COD的测定。     

水样中氯化物测量不确定度的评定

目的对硝酸银滴定法测定水中氯化物含量的不确定度的来源及其对测量不确定度的影响进行分析。方法根据《测量不确定度评定与表示》JJF1059-1999对《生活饮用水标准检验方法》(GB/T 5750-2006)中氯化物测定的硝酸银滴定法的测量不确定度进行分析评定。结果按数学模型计算水样中氯化物浓度为25.2mg/L,水样中氯化物测定结果的扩展不确定度为0.6mg/L,结果表达为(25.2±0.6)mg/L。结论水样中氯化物含量测定的测量不确定度影响中,以分析滴定中消耗硝酸银标准溶液的体积引入的不确定度最大,其次为配制NaC l标准使用溶液引入的不确定度。     

PVC浓度对热处理过程中Pb迁移转化的影响

生活垃圾热处理过程中含氯化合物的存在会使重金属转化为颗粒更小、更易挥发的重金属氯化物,扩大其环境影响.本文采用热分析和管式炉模拟法,研究在不同气氛下城市生活垃圾中典型有机氯化物--聚氯乙烯（PVC）对重金属Pb迁移转化的影响.结果表明,PVC和PbO共存的体系中,PVC在250℃左右热分解产生HCl,并与PbO反应生成PbCl₂（501℃左右开始挥发）而促进Pb迁移进入烟气.当Cl：Pb物质的量比为2,3,5和10时,在空气气氛下PVC浓度的增加对Pb的挥发没有显著影响,而在氮气气氛下,Cl：Pb=3时,Pb挥发率最大,达到88.19%,Cl：Pb=2时,Pb挥发率最小,为68.60%.     

Application of a green coagulant with PACl in efficient purification of turbid water and its mechanism study

The applications of natural polymeric flocculants due to their green feature has been recently received much more attention. In this work, the combined usages of a cationic starch-based coagulant and polyaluminum chloride (PACl) were extensively evaluated for various addition sequences in the coagulation of both raw (surface water from the Jiuxiang River) and synthetic turbid water (two kaolin suspensions with different initial turbidities). Two typical cationic starch-based coagulants with different structures (St-G and St-E) were tried. In comparison to St-G, St-E and PACl used individually as well as St-G and St-E dosed after PACl, the combination of the starch-based coagulants fed before PACl showed higher turbidity removal efficiency, which featured not only less optimal doses of both inorganic and organic coagulants but also lower residual turbidity. On the basis of a detailed analysis of the particle size and its distribution in solution supernatants before and after coagulation by two starch-based coagulants and PACl, polymeric coagulants preferentially coagulate the small-sized colloids due to their distinct long-chain structures, but PACl preferentially coagulates the medium-sized ones. Thus, the medium-sized particles that were previously formed by the starch-based coagulants would be collectively and effectively removed by the subsequent addition of PACl. The addition sequence of the inorganic and organic coagulants in their combined usage is an important factor for improvement of the turbidity removal efficiency in practice.     

Estimating source strengths of HCl and SO2 emissions in the flue gas from waste incineration

HCl and SO_2 emission is one of the major concerns related to municipal solid waste incinerator(MSWI). In this study, a material flow analysis model was developed to estimate the HCl and SO_2 concentrations in the MSWI flue gases(FGs), and their concentrations in the full-scale MSWI were monitored. The calculated concentrations of HCl and SO_2 in the FG were 770–1300 mg/Nm~3 and 150–640 mg/Nm~3, respectively, in close agreement with the monitored values. More than 99% of Cl and 92% of S from the FG were captured into solid residues by the air pollution control(APC) systems. Moreover, since only 48.4%–67.5% of Cl and 21.3%–53.4% of S were transferred to the FG from the municipal solid waste(MSW), it was more reliable to estimate the source strengths and release amounts of HCl and SO_2 in the FG based on the amounts of Cl and S in the APC residues(AR) and exhaust gas rather than in the MSW. This simple method is easily applicable and the estimated results could provide scientific basis for the appropriate design and operation of the APC systems as well as corrosion control of heat recovery systems.