聚结除油反应机理及其动力学分析

通过对几种聚结填料除油性能的对比试验,探讨分析了聚结除油反应机理及其动力学.结果表明,填料的空间构成形式对聚结除油效率有重要影响,当润湿聚结机理和碰撞聚结机理同时存在时,聚结效率可得到大幅度提高.当油珠颗粒尺寸超过10μm时,布朗运动聚结速率急剧减慢,而湍流的聚结速率急剧加快.聚结除油反应器内水力条件的紊动程度达到G≥500～700 s-1时,油珠颗粒的聚结速率和效率将得到大幅度提高.     

新型水滑石接枝污泥处理乳剂的合成与应用

以去除碳酸根后的镁铝水滑石正电胶团簇(LDHEPCL)作骨架,合成新型水滑石接枝污泥处理乳剂.用硫酸铈作引发剂,通过程序升温,实现了油包水多面液胞(W/O PHC)中丙烯酰胺(AM)、二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵(DMDAAC)与去除碳酸根后的LDHEPcL接枝聚合,制得污泥处理乳剂--LDHEPCL-PAM-PDMDAAC共聚物乳剂.聚合升温速度为2.5℃/min,最高温度为(985±1)℃.各配料最佳摩尔比为LDHEPCL:AM:DMDAAC=0.15:0.57:0.28.与目前最好的污泥处理乳剂FLOPAMR EMZ35及STCPA EM6040相比,LDHEPCL-PAM-PDMDAAC共聚物乳剂具有絮团致密、絮层高度低、与聚合铝(PAC)及羧甲基壳聚糖(CMC)配伍较好等优点.     

人工快速渗滤系统堵塞-恢复实验研究

采用干湿交替间歇进水的运行方式,以不同粒径的河砂为填料构建3组人工快速渗滤(CRI)系统,研究CRI系统的堵塞-恢复规律,填料粒径与系统出水COD、水力负荷和纳污量之间的关系,以及环境温度对系统处理效率的影响。结果表明,CRI系统堵塞后经过一段时间的恢复期即可以自然恢复活性。细砂CRI系统的稳定性最好,出水COD最稳定,抗冲击能力和纳污量强于混砂和粗砂CRI系统。当温度在适宜微生物生长的范围内波动时,对系统处理效率的影响并不明显。实际工程应建造多级系统或并行系统解决堵塞问题,以保证系统的水力负荷和稳定运行。     

Post-contentious politics and Iran's first ecovillage

The existing scholarship on alternative institutional designs around environmental issues mostly focuses on ideals, goals and practices of these designs. It remains unclear under which circumstances these initiatives emerge and expand. Moreover, those scholars who address the emergence and expansion of these initiatives focus on examples which are located in advanced industrialised societies. It remains unclear why and how these alternative institutions emerge in non-industrialised societies and countries which have not gone through the same growth path as their advanced industrialised counterparts. Consequently, transformative implication of these initiatives for broader social change in non-advanced industrialised societies has not been explored. In this paper, I show that in Iran the emergence of these alternative designs should be understood within the context of post-contentious politics. I present original research on a cooperative that embraces an alternative lifestyle and whose aim is to create Iran's first ecovillage. This case study discusses one kind of response to the contraction of space for civil society and environmental non governmental organisations in Iran. The paper adds to our understanding of the interplay between democratisation processes and environmental activism.     

入水角度对球体高速入水空泡特性影响研究

目的 针对球体高速入水过程中空泡的演化过程及运动特性展开研究,为弹体入水或空投鱼雷入水提供理论参考。方法 基于试验与数值模拟,主要讨论入水角度对球体高速入水过程中空泡生成、闭合、溃灭以及运动特性。结果 在球体入水过程中,根据入水空泡的形态特征,可以将入水过程分为入水冲击、空泡形成、空泡闭合和空泡溃灭4个阶段。在入水冲击阶段,球体头部承受的压力最大,且随着入水角度的减小,冲击阶段球体头部压力逐渐减小。在空泡闭合后,空泡的截面面积随着入水角度的增大而减小。在溃灭阶段,由于空泡溃灭夹断,会产生回射流,回射流的强度随着入水角度的减小而减小。在球体入水角度为30°时,溃灭夹断不会产生回射流。此外,球体以不同角度入水时,球体在水下的运动轨迹会发生不同程度的偏离,偏离程度随着入水角度的增大而减小,垂直入水时几乎未发生偏离。结论 入水角度对球体高速入水过程中空泡的演化过程及运动特性有较大影响,入水角度越小,球体入水后空泡截面积越大,总流动阻力系数Cd越大,且球体运动轨迹偏离越严重。     

CFD Simulation of the Dispersion of Binary Dust Mixtures in the 20 L Vessel

There are at least two main requirements for repeatable and reliable measurements of flammability and explosibility parameters of dusts: a uniform dispersion of solid particles inside the test vessel, and a homogeneous degree of turbulence. In several literature works, it has been shown that, in the standard 20 L sphere, the dust injection system generates a non-uniform dust cloud, while high gradients characterize the turbulent flow field. In this work, the dust dispersion inside the 20 L sphere was simulated for nicotinic acid/anthraquinone mixtures (with different pure dust ratios, while keeping the total dust concentration constant) with a validated three-dimensional CFD model. Numerical results show that the fields of dust concentration, flow velocity and turbulence are strongly affected by both diameter and density of the pure dusts. These different dust properties lead to segregation phenomena with the formation of zones richer in one component and leaner in the other one and vice versa, and also result in preferential paths for the solid particles inside the sphere. Overall, the obtained results highlight the need for developing a dust injection system able to overcome the shortcomings of the actual one even when testing dust mixtures.     

球形容器在爆炸试验中的安全性模拟分析

从评估爆炸球容器在气体爆炸试验中安全性角度,运用Ansys软件的瞬态动力学模块,进行了内部爆炸冲击载荷作用下的爆炸球容器应力分布的有限元数值模拟分析.对16 MnR材料的空心球体与4实心圆柱体的模型采用Solid 45单元划分网格, 并在球内加载峰值应力为0.8 MPa的渐变载荷, 在爆炸过程的0.4 s内, 得到最大 Von Mises 等效应力为75.651 MPa,小于16 MnR屈服极限325 MPa.计算结果表明了爆炸球试验的安全可行性.     

曝气生物滤池工艺处理汽车涂装废水

采用曝气生物滤池(BIOFOR)工艺处理江铃集团汽车涂装废水取得了良好的效果。系统出水达到《污水综合排放标准》(GB89781996)一级排放标准,整个废水处理工程具有处理能力强、处理效果好、耐冲击负荷、不需二沉池、工艺流程简单等优点。     

加强安全管理 提高安全生产水平

搞好安全生产 ,防止事故 ,必须从加强企业的安全管理入手。本文提出采用有效的安全管理方法 ,建立和实施职业安全卫生管理体系标准 ,健全各项安全管理制度并狠抓落实 ,使企业逐步走向安全管理标准化     

用移动床生物膜反应器处理石化废水

采用悬浮填料移动床生物膜反应器处理石化废水,在水力停留时间大于6h、反应器填料投加率为50％的条件下,出水COD、NH3－N、SS、浊度等均达到国家排放标准,在水力停留时间大于8h时,能达到良好的硝化效果。