Preliminary studies on potential remediation of acid mine drainage‐impacted soils by amendment with drinking‐water treatment residuals

Mining operations result in a wide range of environmental impacts: acid mine drainage (AMD) and acid sulfate soils being among the most common. Due to their acidic pH and high soluble metal concentrations, both AMD and acid sulfate soils can severely damage the local ecosystems. Proper post‐mining management practices are necessary to control AMD‐related environmental issues. Current AMD‐impacted soil treatment technologies are rather expensive and typically not environmentally sustainable. We conducted a 60‐day bench‐scale study to evaluate the potential of a cost‐effective and environment‐friendly technology in treating AMD‐impacted soils. The metal binding and acid‐neutralizing capacity of an industrial by‐product, drinking water treatment residuals (WTRs) were used for AMD remediation. Two types of locally generated WTRs, an aluminum‐based WTR (Al‐WTR) and a lime‐based WTR (Ca‐WTR) were used. Highly acidic AMD‐impacted soil containing very high concentrations of metals and metalloids, such as iron, nickel, and arsenic, was collected from the Tab‐Simco coal mine in Carbondale, Illinois. Soil amendment using a 1:1 Al‐ and Ca‐WTR mix, applied at 5 and 10 percent rates significantly lowered the soluble and exchangeable fractions of metals in the AMD‐impacted soil, thus lowering potential metal toxicity. Soil pH increased from an extremely acidic 2.69 to a near‐neutral 6.86 standard units over the 60‐day study period. Results from this preliminary study suggest the possibility of a successful scale‐up of this innovative, cost‐effective, and environmentally sustainable technology for remediating AMD‐impacted acid sulfate soils.     

过一硫酸盐的活化及其降解水中有机污染物机理的研究进展

基于活化过一硫酸盐（PMS）产生SO₄^-·的新型高级氧化技术,在芬顿和类芬顿催化降解水中有机污染物的研究中占有重要地位。本文从活化PMS方法的特点和用途出发,对目前活化PMS的主要方法进行了论述,并对活化PMS降解水中有机污染物的机理进行了探讨,最后对该领域研究中存在的问题进行了分析。指出,开发高效的协同活化PMS的方法将成为该领域研究的必然趋势。     

树脂吸附法处理对硝基苯乙酮生产废水

采用AM-1吸附树脂和ND-900络合树脂对硝基苯乙酮生产废水进行吸附处理，试验结果表明，使用2种树脂串联的处理效果优于单独使用某一种树脂，而且ND-900络合树脂在前，AM-1吸附树脂在后串联处理的效果最好，废水体积为30BV时，COD去除率为92.8%；脱色率为100%，出水由原废水的橙红色变为无色，采用质量分数为8%的NaOH溶液作为脱附剂，脱附效果良好。     

以活性染料为主要成分的印染废水的混凝脱色试验

用硫酸亚铁、碱式氯化铝(PAC)和聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)对以活性染料为主要成分的印染废水进行混凝脱色试验,阐述了混凝脱色机理,对脱色影响因素和控制条件等进行了试验研究.     

溶济萃取法处理含硫酸及硫酸盐的废水

采用溶剂萃取法处理含硫酸及硫酸盐的工业废水，主产优质农用硫酸钾，副产氯化铵和氮钾复合肥，整个工艺过程基本无三废排放，实现了对该废水的综合有效治理。     

硫酸铵施用量和温度对红壤稻田土硝化作用及微生物特性的影响

以红壤稻田土为供试土壤,设置不同硫酸铵(简称硫铵)施用量,分别在15、25、35℃条件下培养,研究短期内土壤硝化作用、微生物生物量和微生物功能多样性的变化。结果表明,在相同硫铵施用量下,不同温度处理土壤NH4+含量差异不显著;温度变化对于对照和常规硫铵用量(折纯N 120 mg·kg-1)处理土壤NO3-含量有显著影响,但对中、高量(折纯N 600和1 200 mg·kg-1)处理无显著影响。对照和常规硫铵用量处理土壤硝化速率均随温度升高而显著增加;中、高量硫铵处理土壤硝化速率普遍较低,且不同温度之间差异不显著;相同温度条件下,硝化速率随硫铵施用量的升高而降低。中、髙量硫铵处理对土壤微生物生物量碳有显著影响,且土壤微生物生物量碳随硫铵施用量的增加而显著降低;相同硫铵施用量下,不同温度处理土壤微生物生物量碳由高到低大致为25、15和35℃。BIOLOG分析显示,中、高量硫铵处理平均吸光值和多样性指数均较低,各处理中以25℃时对照处理的平均吸光值和Shannon、Simpson、McIntosh指数最大,其次为25℃时常规硫铵用量处理。过量施用硫铵有可能造成土壤生物结构和功能衰变。     

废水处理系统中生物聚集体胞外多聚物研究进展

胞外多聚物(Extracellular polymeric substances,EPS)是废水生物处理系统中生物聚集体(包括絮体污泥、生物膜、颗粒污泥等)的重要组成部分,直接包裹于微生物细胞壁外,其理化性质及所处的特殊位置决定了它在生物聚集体中的重要作用.综述了EPS对废水生物处理系统污泥沉降性能、脱水性以及膜生物反应器膜污染影响的相关研究,分析认为EPS组成与结构特性改变污泥表面电位、疏水性等,进而影响污泥沉降与脱水性能、膜污染程度;以好氧颗粒污泥为典型的生物聚集体代表,总结了EPS组分含量与分布对颗粒污泥的形成与结构稳定性的影响,并在EPS提取方法标准化、现代理化技术与分子生物学技术综合分析等方面进行了展望,进一步的研究有望揭示生物絮凝体形成过程EPS的产生与调控机制.     

Comparison of CNT-PVA membrane and commercial polymeric membranes in treatment of emulsified oily wastewater

CNT-PVA membrane was fabricated and compared with polymeric membranes. The separation performance was evaluated by homemade and cutting fluid emulsions. The three membranes show similar oil retention rates. CNT-PVA membranes have higher permeation fluxes compared with polymeric membranes. CNT-PVA membrane shows higher fouling resistance. Membrane separation is an attractive technique for removal of emulsified oily wastewater. However, polymeric membranes which dominate the current market usually suffer from severe membrane fouling. Therefore, membranes with high fouling resistance are imperative to treat emulsified oily wastewater. In this study, carbon nanotube-polyvinyl alcohol (CNT-PVA) membrane was fabricated. And its separation performance for emulsified oily wastewater was compared with two commercial polymeric membranes (PVDF membrane and PES membrane) by filtration of two homemade emulsions and one cutting fluid emulsion. The results show that these membranes have similar oil retention efficiencies for the three emulsions. Whereas, the permeation flux of CNT-PVA membrane is 1.60 to 3.09 times of PVDF membrane and 1.41 to 11.4 times of PES membrane, respectively. Moreover, after five consecutive operation circles of filtration process and back flush, CNT-PVA membrane can recover 62.3% to 72.9% of its initial pure water flux. However, the pure water flux recovery rates are only 24.1% to 35.3% for PVDF membrane and 6.0% to 26.3% for PES membrane, respectively. Therefore, CNT-PVA membrane are more resistant to oil fouling compared with the two polymeric membranes, showing superior potential in treatment of emulsified oily wastewater.     

氯化蒸馏废酸还原回收锗

以锗烟尘氯化蒸馏后的废盐酸为原料,以废铁为还原剂,使废酸中的有价金属锗以还原态沉淀富集在渣中,强化氧化氯化蒸馏回收四氯化锗,锗的综合回收率达94．10％。同时生产净水剂用液体氯化铁产品。     

菌-藻共生好氧颗粒污泥的稳定性机理

在非曝气条件下接种好氧颗粒污泥(AGS)和绿藻藻种,经过18d的培养,成功构建了菌-藻共生好氧颗粒污泥系统(ABGS).研究表明,在非曝气条件下,与传统的AGS相比,ABGS具有更高的生物活性、除污染效能和机械强度,说明ABGS的稳定性更优.对ABGS的稳定性机理进行分析,发现在颗粒化过程中,胞外聚合物(EPS)特别是...