北京市不同功能区人体接触多环芳烃的生化指标——人尿中1-羟基芘的水平

本文报告北京市不同功能区人尿中1-羟基芘的测定结果,自身对照和群体测定均显示出采暖期与非采暖期的显著差别以及不同功能区样品的差异.尿中1-羟基芘的浓度以焦化厂为最高,为其它各区的4—25倍,依次为工业区、商业区、居民区和对照区,证明用尿中1-羟基芘作为人体接触环境中多环芳烃的一个生物化学指标是可行的.     

CORRELATION OF COPROSTANOL TO ORGANIC CONTAMINANTS IN COASTAL AND ESTUARINE SEDIMENTS OF THE U.S.1

ABSTRACT: Results from the National Status and Trends Program, a nationwide effort to evaluate U.S. coastal and estuarine environmental quality, are analyzed to provide information about regional sources of organic contaminants in the benthic environment. Spearman's rank correlation procedure is applied to measurements of coprostanol, a chemical tracer of sewage, and three classes of organic compounds in sediments. The results suggest that discharges from publicly owned treatment works are responsible for concentrations of the organic compounds encountered in the northeastern coastal region, while other sources may predominate in the other regions of the country.     

Synchronous fluorescence technique and its use in identification of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons in urine samples

The synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy of three polymiclear aromatic hydrocarbons was studied. It was shown that the specific Δλ of the spectra were 10nm for benzo(k) fluoranthene, 25 nm for benzo(a) pyrene, and 40 nm for pyrene. The peaks of the spectra were at 407, 404, and 373 nm for the three chemicals, respectively. Benzo(k) fluoranthene, benzo(a) pyrene, and pyrene in the urine samples from smokers were identified by high pressure liquid chromatography combined with the synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy.     

Al(Ⅲ)盐水解聚合过程中聚合铝含量的定量计算

依据Al(Ⅲ)盐强制水解聚合过程的电位滴定实验结果,利用铝盐水解聚合电位滴定曲线上的3个临界特征点,同时利用Origin软件自备的Boltzmann方程对滴定曲线拟合,给出了通过电位滴定实验计算聚合铝含量的定量公式。此公式能方便地计算出铝盐强制水解聚合溶液中的聚合铝含量。模式计算结果与Al-Ferron逐时络合比色法的测试结果线性拟合较好。     

Relevant organic components in ambient particulate matter collected at Svalbard Islands (Norway)

n-Alkanes, polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons and n-alkanoic acids present in the inhalable fraction of airborne particles have been determined at the Italian scientific base sited in the area of Ny Alesund, Spitzbergen Island, Norway. Both the profiles of n-alkane and polynuclear aromatic congeners among the respective classes showed that anthropogenic sources were responsible for the presence of particulate organics in the atmosphere there, since the monomodal distribution of aliphatics and the fresh-emission shape of PAH fraction were observed. The total contents of n-alkanes and PAH ranged from 19 to 97 ng m⁻³ and from 0.6 to 2.0 ng m⁻³, respectively; n-alkanoic acids reached 6 ng m⁻³. The occurrence of nitrated-PAH of photochemical origin at trace extent (i.e. nitrated-fluoranthenes and nitropyrenes) has been also observed. Since the occurrence of OH radicals is required together with NO_x for the processes leading to the generation of 2-nitrofluoranthene and 2-nitropyrene would start, the detection of these nitrated species revealed the occurrence of photochemical processes in that region.     

Physiological responses of Avicennia marina seedlings to the phytotoxic effects of the water-soluble fraction of light Arabian crude oil

Stomatal behavior, growth performance and the accumulation of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were evaluated in seedlings of the mangrove Avicennia marina (Forssk.) Vierh., treated with a water-soluble fraction (WSF) of Abu-Dhabi light Arabian crude oil through foliar spraying or soil application.Irregular stomatal behavior and weak stomatal control over transpiration were observed during the first 24 hours, where stomatal resistances of plants sprayed with 150 and 300 g PAHs plant^–1 were significantly lower than that of the control plants. After six weeks, all treated plants showed no significant difference in their relative growth rate (RGR) or in the net assimilation rate (NAR) compared with the control plants.Tri-aromatic hydrocarbons were the most accumulated in tissues of the treated plants. Penta- and hexa-aromatics, on the other hand, were undetectable in the WSF and consequently in the treated plants. A linear relationship was observed between the dose applied to plants and the amounts of tissue accumulated PAHs (r ²=0.515 for soil application and r ²=0.984 for foliar spray). In plants sprayed with 300 g PAHs plant^–1, the total PAHs accumulated were more than that accumulated in plants treated through soil application.These findings suggest that: aqueous extraction of crude oil tends to signify the percentage of the low molecular weight PAHs, e.g. naphthalene, to the total PAHs; disturbed stomatal behavior in the first day of the treatment may be due to the venting of the volatile low molecular weight aromatic hydrocarbons (e.g. benzene, toluene, and xylenes) through the stomata; and uptake of water-soluble hydrocarbons by plants is equally possible through both of the root system and the foliage. The ecological implications of these finding are discussed in relation to oil pollution of mangrove stands under field conditions.     

广州周边菜地中多环芳烃的污染现状

以GC/MSD内标法分析了广州五个地区菜地中 1 6种多环芳烃 (PAHs)的分布 ,结果表明 ,菜地土壤中∑PAHs最大为 30 77μg·kg- 1 ,最小为 42 μg·kg- 1 ,绝大部分土壤样品中的∑PAHs含量在 2 0 0 μg·kg- 1 以上 ,属中度污染 .     

高效液相色谱荧光检测快速分析水中多环芳烃化合物

本文利用等梯度淋洗,荧光检测器实现了水中七种多环芳烃化合物的快速分析,七种多环芳烃的分离效果好,无基线漂移,样品分析时间短,一个样品的分析时间小于２０分钟。七种多环芳烃分别为：荧蒽、苯并（ａ）蒽、苯并（ｂ）荧蒽、苯并（Ｋ）荧蒽、苯并（ａ）芘、二苯并（ａ,ｈ）蒽、苯并（ｇｈｉ）     

南宁城市内河水体和表层沉积物中多环芳烃分布特征

采用改进的固相萃取、加速溶剂萃取和高效液相色谱对南宁7条城市内河的水体和表层沉积物样品中6种多环芳烃的残留状况进行了分析测定。检测结果表明,水体中多环芳烃以荧蒽为主,6种多环芳烃在水体中的总残留浓度为26.8～163 ng/L,内河水体各点位苯并[α]芘均超过我国地表水环境质量标准限值,对干流水质存在一定影响。7个点位沉积物中多环芳烃总含量为118.06～416.73μg/kg,6种多环芳烃均有检出。