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961.
为有效治理石油污染土壤,从长期遭受石油污染的土壤中筛选出一株烃降解菌8-11作为出发菌,利用低能N+注入烃降解菌进行诱变,在能量为20 keV、剂量为90×2.6×1013ions/cm2条件下筛选出一株高效烃降解菌——诱变菌23。原油摇瓶发酵实验表明诱变菌对原油的降解率达到74%;降解后原油的全烃气相色谱图显示,经过7 d的作用,原油中的正构烷烃完全降解。诱变菌23能够产生大量的生物表面活性物质,傅里叶红外光谱分析表明其产生的生物活性物质为糖脂类化合物,该糖脂类生物表面活性剂能使发酵液的表面张力从空白对照的56.1 mN/m降低为29.3 mN/m。研究表明诱变菌23具有较高的烃降解能力,能有效降低表面张力,具有较大的应用潜力。 相似文献
962.
低温下活性污泥膨胀的微生物群落结构研究 总被引:3,自引:12,他引:3
采用水质参数指标测定和高通量测序技术,探讨了郑州某污水处理厂冬季间歇性污泥膨胀机制.结果表明该厂活性污泥的污泥容积指数(SVI值)的变化与季节温度变化有显著的负相关性,1~4月及12月易发生污泥膨胀,但是不影响出水水质.高通量测序技术分析发现污泥膨胀月份泥样的微生物群落结构要显著不同于未膨胀月份.该厂发生丝状菌污泥膨胀的优势丝状菌为腐螺旋菌科Saprospiraceae和黄杆菌科Flavobacterium.因此,低温导致活性污泥微生物群落结构变化是引起该厂活性污泥膨胀的原因. 相似文献
963.
利用亚硝酸盐的反硝化除磷菌及影响因素 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
反硝化聚磷菌(DPB)是一类能够在厌氧状态下释磷,缺氧存在硝酸盐(NO3-)或亚硝酸盐(NO2-)的情况下聚磷,并同时反硝化的聚磷菌。实验证明:传统A2/O工艺缺氧段污泥确实存在利用亚硝酸盐的反硝化聚磷菌,PO、PON和PONO各占聚磷菌的40.7%、38.5%,20.8%。最佳的进水C/N/P为16∶4∶1且COD<200mg/L;pH值为7~7.5。聚磷菌在ORP<-80mV开始吐磷,在ORP值在-150mV左右能较好地吐磷,投加亚硝盐使ORP>-80mV,开始反硝化聚磷。 相似文献
964.
965.
966.
Steven A. Frenzel Charles S. Couvillion 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2002,38(1):265-273
ABSTRACT: Fecal‐indicator bacteria were sampled at 14 stream sites in Anchorage, Alaska, USA, as part of a study to determine the effects of urbanization on water quality. Population density in the subbasins sampled ranged from zero to 1,750 persons per square kilometer. Higher concentrations of fecal‐coliform, E. coli, and enterococci bacteria were measured at the most urbanized sites. Although fecal‐indicator bacteria concentrations were higher in summer than in winter, seasonal differences in bacteria concentrations generally were not significant. Areas served by sewer systems had significantly higher fecal‐indicator bacteria concentrations than did areas served by septic systems. The areas served by sewer systems also had storm drains that discharged directly to the streams, whereas storm sewers were not present in the areas served by septic systems. Fecal‐indicator bacteria concentrations were highly variable over a two‐day period of stable streamflow, which may have implications for testing of compliance to water‐quality standards. 相似文献
967.
悬浮载体生物膜内硝化菌群空间分布规律 总被引:4,自引:1,他引:3
利用16S rRNA寡核苷酸探针荧光原位杂交和共聚焦激光扫描显微镜联用技术,对悬浮载体生物膜内硝化菌群的空间分布规律进行了分析.试验采用3组结构完全相同的悬浮载体生物膜反应器,每个反应器的曝气区为6L,沉淀区为2L,水力停留时间为1.0h,3个反应器的进水COD/NH4+-N分别为15、10和5,从反应器中取出载体颗粒表面的生物膜进行分析,研究各反应器中生物膜的微生物群落结构的变化规律.结果表明,SCBR内载体表面生物膜的总体厚度在80~120μm左右,氨氧化菌和亚硝酸盐氧化菌主要分布在生物膜表面的20~30μm左右范围内.随着进水中COD/NH4+-N的增加,氨氧化菌和亚硝酸盐氧化菌在整个生物膜中所占的比例逐步下降. 相似文献
968.
Solar and Tidal Modulations of Fecal Indicator Bacteria in Coastal Waters at Huntington Beach,California 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
The coastal waters at many beaches in California and the United States are afflicted with fecal pollution, which poses a health
risk for people exposed to the water through recreational activities such as swimming, surfing, and diving. Identifying sources
of pollution is complicated by oceanographic transport/mixing processes and the nonconservative behavior of microorganisms
exposed to sunlight and hostile marine conditions. This article investigates the variation of fecal indicator bacteria (FIB)
concentrations in the surf zone and the adjacent coastal marsh by applying autocorrelation and cross-correlation analyses
that illustrate solar and tidal modulations. A steady state bioreactor model was developed to explain solar inactivation in
the surf zone, whereas a dynamic model was applied to explain tidally influenced disturbances in the coastal marsh. These
models applied to intensive monitoring datasets on FIB and environmental variables have provided insights into the biologic
and physical processes controlling coastal water quality, specifically the influence of sunlight and tides on bacterial levels. 相似文献
969.
氧化亚铁硫杆菌 (Thiobacillusferrooxidans)是极端嗜酸性的专性自养细菌 ,广泛分布于硫化矿床、酸性矿水及土壤中 ,最适生长pH 2 .0~ 2 .5 .氧化亚铁硫杆菌很早就被广泛应用于有用金属的浸出 ,特别适合于从低品位的矿石中浸出和回收稀有贵重金属 .这种方法具有低成本、低能耗、无污染等特点 ,因而在能源日益紧缺的今天 ,受到人们越来越多的关注 .目前许多国家已经成功地利用细菌浸出液技术开采多种金属 ,如铜、铀、金、钴、镍、锌和铅等 .其主要作用原理是通过氧化FeSO4 或FeS2 产生Fe3 氧化剂 ,氧化… 相似文献
970.
The Ria Formosa lagoon, Portugal, receives organic matter from many natural and anthropogenic sources. This paper presents an overview of the contribution these sources made through the use of lipid biomarkers. Sixty-one surface sediment samples were collected and analysed for a range of lipids. Sewage materials were confined to regions within 2 km of discharge points; phytoplankton biomarkers (sterols and fatty acids) suggest production was greatest in the inner parts of the lagoon that also have greatest inorganic nutrient enrichment; terrestrial organic matter was present in relatively low concentrations as shown by both sterol and fatty alcohols; bacteria were widespread although the Sulphate Reducing Bacteria (SRBs, shown by the presence of 3-OH fatty acids) were located near but not adjacent to sewage discharge points. 相似文献