转向锤臂锻件工艺与模具设计的改进

通过对转向锤臂锻件结构与工艺的改进 ,改变了该锻件的锻模结构 ,提高了该锻件的模锻工艺性和经济效益。     

Nitrification performance of nitrifying bacteria immobilized in waterborne polyurethane at low ammonia nitrogen concentrations

Suspended and waterborne polyurethane immobilized nitrifying bacteria have been adopted for evaluating the e ects of environmental changes, such as temperature, dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration and pH, on nitrification characteristics under conditions of low ammonia concentrations. The results showed that nitrification was prone to complete with increasing pH, DO and temperature. Sensitivity analysis demonstrated the e ects of temperature and pH on nitrification feature of suspended bacteria were slightly greater than those of immobilized nitrifying bacteria. Immobilized cells could achieve complete nitrification at low ammonia concentrations when DO was su cient. Continuous experiments were carried out to discuss the removal of ammonia nitrogen from synthetic micropollute source water with the ammonia concentration of about 1 mg/L using immobilized nitrifying bacteria pellets in an up-flow inner circulation reactor under di erent hydraulic retention times (HRT). The continuous removal rate remains above 80% even under HRT 30 min. The results verified that the waterborne polyurethane immobilized nitrifying bacteria pellets had great potential applications for micro-pollution source water treatment.     

Concentrations of polychlorinated dibenzo‐p‐dioxins and dibenzofurans in outdoor air of North‐Rhine‐Westphalia,Germany

Measurements of polychlorinated dibenzo‐p‐dioxins (PCDD) and dibenzofurans (PCDF) in outdoor air of North‐Rhine‐Westphalia were carried out. Fifty‐six samples were taken at different sites in areas of different land use and emission structures. A special filter system allowed analysis of the gas and particle phases separately. It was found that higher chlorinated PCDD/PCDF (7 or 8 chlorine atoms) are collected on glass fiber filter and lower chlorinated PCDD/PCDF (tetra‐ and penta‐CDD/CDF) are absorbed on polyurethane foam. The following isomers were determined: OCDD, OCDF and 11 isomers with chlorine substitution in 2,3,7,8‐position as well as the sum of TCDD, PeCDD, HxCDD, HpCDD, TCDF, PeCDF, HxCDF, HpCDF and the sum of PCDD (4–8) and PCDF (4–8). No 2,3,7,8‐TCDD could be detected but 2,3,7,8‐TCDF was found at 15 sites. Mean concentration in the Rhine‐Ruhr‐District for the sum of PCDD (4–8) and PCDF (4–8) was 3.2pg/m³ and 5.5pg/m³ respectively. Detection limit for TCDD and PCDD/PCDF (5–8) was 0.1–0.2 pg/m³ and 0.005–0.015 pg/m³ respectively. There is no significant indication that 2,3,7,8‐chlorinated isomers of PCDD/PCDF are predominantly decomposed by photochemical reactions in outdoor air.     

用DMA研究聚氨酯泡沫材料的压缩耗能性能

本文提出一种分析泡沫材料抗周期性脉动冲击防护性能的试验方法。运用DMA"低频—高频—低频"周期循环的动态压缩模式,模拟外部冲击脉动压力"弱—强—弱"周期性变化的作用特点。使用该方法对异氰酸酯指数不同的几种低密度聚氨酯泡沫材料进行了试验分析。结果表明,异氰酸酯指数R为1.8的低密度聚氨酯泡沫材料对周期性脉动冲击压力具有较高的损耗因子和耗能模量,与分子结构理论分析一致,该试验方法具有参考价值。     

矿用聚氨酯硬泡密闭材料的安全性能研究

对聚氨酯硬泡密闭材料的安全性能进行测定和研究,旨在为矿井降氡技术提供可行的安全材料,从而改善铀矿开采环境,提高井下工作人员的职业安全健康水平。在材料反应机理研究的基础上,通过实验对制备出的聚氨酯硬泡密闭材料进行安全性能测试,结果表明:其发泡时间低于5min、发泡倍数达30倍以上、泡沫均匀致密;降氡效率为84.58%;压缩应力为850.60kPa,断裂拉伸应力为206.0kPa,冲击强度为2.66kJ/m2;材料贮存36个月内的密度变化率小于0.5%,压缩应力变化率小于10.5%,18个月后压缩应力变化趋势缓慢。     

样品尺寸对热塑性聚氨酯燃烧性能的影响研究

采用锥形量热仪对不同尺寸的热塑性聚氨酯材料进行小尺寸燃烧试验研究,获得了点燃时间、热释放速率、烟气释放速率及燃烧特性指数等参数,分析了样品尺寸对其燃烧性能的影响.结果表明:点燃时间随着材料厚度的增加而延长;材料厚度的增加加长了内部导热过程,使热释放速率峰值和烟气释放速率峰值增大,到达峰值的时间延长;燃烧特性指数中火灾增...     

传统与复合土地处理系统的除磷比较

本试验将纳米凹凸棒土复合亲水性聚氨酯泡沫和海绵铁填料介入传统潜流湿地土地处理系统,以生活污水为处理对象,通过室外中试试验,与传统的土地处理系统对比,考察了该复合填料对传统土地处理系统的强化作用。研究表明,在较高的表面负荷下,传统填料和复合填料最初出水总磷都能达到很好的除磷效果,分别达到了国家《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》(GB 18918-2002)的一级B标准和A标准。复合填料的出水总磷更低,更能有效缓解水体富营养化。     

废旧聚氨酯硬泡热解特性

采用热重分析仪对废旧聚氨酯硬泡在氮气中的热失重行为进行了研究,并对升温速率、热解终温对热解的影响进行了分析. 结果表明:在氮气气氛条件下,废旧聚氨酯硬泡热解主要发生在200～492 ℃;随着升温速率的提高,废旧聚氨酯硬泡热失重时挥发分初析温度向高温方向偏移,失重速率峰值(DTG_max)显著增大.利用热重-红外(TG-FTIR)联用方法对氮气气氛中10 ℃/min升温速率下的样品热解气体产物进行了检测. 结果表明:废旧聚氨酯硬泡热解产物有H₂O,CO₂,CO,CFC-11,以及含氯化合物、烯烃类、烷烃类和带有苯环等官能团的化合物,且主要气体产物有相似的析出规律.      

密度对聚氨酯软泡收缩及燃烧行为的影响

采用锥形量热仪研究不同密度聚氨酯软泡(FPUF)的燃烧行为,并根据摄像、体视显微镜所观察的样品形体及泡孔结构的变化来研究火灾条件下FPUF的收缩特性。研究结果表明,收缩是表层泡孔受热发生热解生成焦油所致的泡孔塌缩现象,焦油层下方泡孔结构基本没有变化;FPUF密度越大着火前的收缩速率越小,同一时刻表层泡孔热解生成的焦油层越薄。FPUF的着火燃烧可分为受热收缩、燃烧收缩和池火燃烧三个阶段。中高密度样品HRR曲线先出现平台后出现峰值,分别对应于燃烧收缩和池火阶段,且密度越大HRR曲线的平台越低、峰值越高,燃烧收缩阶段的FIGRA越小,而池火燃烧阶段的FIGRA越大。着火前的快速收缩导致低密度样品的HRR曲线不出现平台只呈现单峰。     

提高铝合金压铸模使用寿命的探讨

对影响铝合金压铸模使用寿命的诸多因素 ,如压铸件结构、形状、模具设计、模具材料及加工工艺、模具的正确使用和管理等方面进行了分析和总结 ,阐述了热处理方法对铝合金压铸模使用寿命的重要性 ,探索出了提高模具质量、延长模具使用寿命的途径。