通风状况对乳胶泡沫材料燃烧特性影响

设计小尺寸实验平台,研究不同通风管道风速对乳胶泡沫材料燃烧特性的影响。在不同风速条件下进行实验,获得材料表面温度分布、质量损失速率、火焰高度和火蔓延速率等特性参数。实验结果表明,在管道风速为0,1.5,3,4.5,6 m/s时,平均火焰蔓延速率分别为0.24,0.20,0.23,0.25,0.24 cm/s,最大质量损失速率分别为2.80,2.26,2.65,3.18,3.63 g/s。在有风条件下,随着风速的增加,火焰燃烧过程变得更加剧烈,最大质量损失率变大。实验样品的燃烧过程可以分为3个阶段:初始生长、完全燃烧和熄灭。最大火焰高度发生在燃烧过程的第2阶段,不同管道风速下的最大火焰高度分别为96.39,72.83,90.68,94.96,95.32 cm。     

包装装备跌落撞击缓冲特性分析

目的 获得尺寸和质量最小的缓冲结构.方法 基于能量守恒原理,建立包装装备缓冲结构撞击环境缓冲特性理论分析的数学模型,获得正撞和侧撞工况下缓冲结构尺寸和防护效果的变化关系.研究采用新型泡沫填充蜂窝材料的缓冲结构设计,优选泡沫填充蜂窝材料参数.建立缓冲结构撞击环境的物质点法计算模型,开展高速撞击的数值仿真.分析包装装备在撞...     

多孔介质中泡沫的迁移特性和影响因素研究

通过设计一系列模拟柱实验探讨了泡沫在非饱和多孔介质中的运移特征以及泡沫质量、泡沫注入速率、介质渗透率对泡沫注入压力的影响.研究表明:泡沫气体锋面、泡沫液体锋面与泡沫锋面在多孔介质中是分离迁移的,且迁移速度大小关系为泡沫气体锋面>泡沫液体锋面>泡沫锋面;泡沫锋面相对于泡沫气体锋面的延迟系数为2.0.在泡沫运移过程中,模拟柱中压力的产生主要发生并均匀分布在泡沫覆盖区域中,固定点处压力随时间呈直线增加趋势;泡沫在1~1.2mm介质中的有效粘度为85.49mPa·s,是水在介质中运移有效粘度的84.64倍(水的有效粘度为1.01mPa·s).由此可知,泡沫注入模拟柱时需要较大的压力,主要是由于泡沫的有效粘性较大引起的.介质渗透率对泡沫注入压力的影响主要取决于泡沫注入速率;当单位面积泡沫注入速率相同时,泡沫注入压力随介质渗透率增大而降低. 当泡沫质量为91.4%时,当泡沫注入速率由2.1mL/min升高至3.2mL/min与4.4mL/min时,压力梯度由26.95psi/m升高至30.74与46.40psi/m,而当泡沫注入速率为3.2mL/min时,当泡沫质量由93.5%降低至91.4%与88.2%时,压力梯度由30.16psi/m升高至30.74与34.57psi/m,由此可知,泡沫质量与泡沫注入速率均对泡沫注入速率产生影响,然而泡沫注入速率的影响大于泡沫质量对注入压力的影响.     

Preparations of TiO2 film coated on foam nickel substrate by sol-gel processes and its photocatalytic activity for degradation of acetaldehyde

Anatase TiO2 films were successfully prepared on foam nickel substrates by sol-gel technique using tetrabutyl titanate as precursor. The characteristics of the TiO2 films were investigated by XPS, XRD, FE-SEM, TEM and UV-Vis absorption spectra. The photocatalytic activities of TiO2 films were investigated by photocatalytic degradation reactions of gaseous acetaldehyde, an indoor pollutant, under ultraviolet light irradiation. It was found that Ni^2＋ doping into TiO2 films due to the foam nickel substrates resulted in the extension of absorption edges of TiO2 films from UV region to visible light region. The pre-heating for foam nickel substrates resulted in the formation of NiO layer, which prevented effectively the injection of photogenerated electrons from TiO2 films to metal nickel. The TiO2 films displayed high photocatalytic activity for the degradation of acetaldehyde, and were enhanced by calcining the substrates and coating TiO2 films repeatedly. The high activity was mainly attributed to the improvement of the characteristics of substrate surface and the increase of active sites on photocatalyst.     

泡沫分离法去除废水中的Cr(Ⅲ)离子

以绿色表面活性剂酪蛋白为起泡剂,采用间歇式泡沫分离法去除废水中高浓度Cr(Ⅲ)离子,考察了pH值、空气流量、酪蛋白的添加量、搅拌速度和装液体积5个因素对Cr(Ⅲ)离子去除率的影响。结果表明:当Cr(Ⅲ)离子初始浓度为100 mg·L-1、处理时间为1.5 h时,最佳分离工艺条件为pH=9.5、空气流量0.75 L·min-1、4 g·L-1的酪蛋白的添加量25 mL、搅拌速度800 r·min-1、装液体积1 500 mL,去除率可达99.78%;在最佳工艺条件下,用常规表面活性剂十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)代替酪蛋白进行对比实验,酪蛋白可以使废水中Cr(Ⅲ)离子去除率提高1.73%。酪蛋白是一种环境友好型物质,作为绿色生物表面活性剂适用于泡沫分离工艺中。     

Experimental study on advantages of foam–sol in coal dust control

In China, more than 2.65 million coal mine workers are exposed to coal dust. Every year, new pneumoconiosis cases amount to 25,000, among which 6000 cases die of this disease. The figure is twice the death toll in production safety accidents. Occupational diseases seriously endanger life and health of coal mine workers, and restrict the healthy growth of the coal industry.The paper presented a study of foam–sol-based coal dust control. This was an experimental study of characteristics of foam–sol-based coal dust control, which features dust capture, suppression, and isolation. Comparative wettability experiments were carried out to determine contact angles of water, aqueous foam, and foam–sol solution. A new foam–sol generating system with a conical diffuser outlet was proposed.The experiment results clearly showed that the foam–sol features dust capture, suppression, and isolation. The wettability of the aqueous foam solution was better than the foam–sol solution, but the foam–sol technology had the better ability to capture the airborne dust, suppress the static dust and enclose the dust source, due to the excellent surface viscosity, strong cohesiveness and less volatile property. The paper concluded that the foam–sol could greatly improve the dust control efficiency and did not have main deficiencies that the aqueous foam technology had.     

脉冲电解法处理含镍废水

实验研究了脉冲电解法处理酸性含镍工业模拟废水的工艺条件,并对各种影响因素包括阴极材料,流速,脉冲电源频率,占空比以及峰流进行了研究。结果表明最佳电解条件为三维电极泡沫铜为阴极,使用脉冲电源作为供电方式,频率1 000Hz,占空比50%,峰流1.8A,流速为22cm/s,极距接近为零。镍离子去除率(回收率)可达99%以上,出口浓度1mg/L,满足国家排放标准。     

电催化还原技术处理丙烯酸盐废水的研究

采用电催化还原技术处理高浓度丙烯酸盐废水,考察了离子交换隔膜、阴极材料等对丙烯酸盐转化的影响.结果表明,电催化还原技术可将废水中的丙烯酸盐高效还原为丙酸盐;反应器中加入阳离子交换隔膜有利于提高催化还原的电流效率;阴极极板材料对丙烯酸盐还原有很大影响.其中钯/泡沫镍电极（Pd/Nickel foam）的平均电流效率最高,...     

白云母/硅微粉疏水改性对三相泡沫热稳定性的影响

为了制备高热稳定性的三相泡沫,对白云母/硅微粉疏水改性。采用十六烷基三甲氧基硅烷(HTEOS)为改性剂,以接触角、粒度分析、FTIR为表征。在合成蛋白泡沫中按比例添加粉体制备三相泡沫,以自主设计可视化油池进行热稳定性试验并与两相泡沫对比。结果表明:改性白云母的性质为“两亲”,改性硅微粉表现为疏水;三相泡沫热稳定性高于两相泡沫,三相泡沫中,利用改性白云母制备的三相泡沫热稳定性最优,覆盖至破灭时间为1 905 s,而改性硅微粉制备的三相泡沫热稳定性不足,覆盖至破灭时间仅为983 s。     

钯/泡沫镍阴极对水中微量氯贝酸的电催化氢化还原脱氯研究

氯贝酸(Clofibric acid,CA)是一种常见药品和个人护理品(PPCPs)类物质,在环境中具有持久性和稳定性.常规的水处理技术难以去除微量的CA,采用电催化氢化脱氯的方法可有效实现脱氯.本研究考察了CA初始浓度、工作电位、阴极液初始pH、反应温度、钯载量和电解质Na2SO4的浓度等多种因素对氯贝酸降解的影响....