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11.
Yuehui WU Guoliang WANG Zhen WANG Yi LIU Ping GU Dezhi SUN 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2014,8(3):451-462
Two processes of utilizing polyvinyl chloride (PVC) waste, an incineration process and a vacuum pyrolysis process, for energy conversion were compared to determine their efficiency and environmental perfor- mance. We carried out a life cycle assessment with each of the two processes to evaluate their environmental impact and defined the goals and limits of our remit. As well, we established an inventory of PVC waste from incineration and vacuum pyrolysis based on process analysis, data collection and calculations. The results show that electrical power output per unit mass of PVC waste in the incineration process was twice as high as that of the vacuum pyrolysis process. Incineration had a larger total environmental impact potential than vacuum pyrolysis. The total environmental impact potential of PVC waste from incineration was three times higher than that from vacuum pyrolysis. Incineration of PVC disposed 300 ng. 100 kgI of dioxins and vacuum pyrolysis 98.19 ng- 100 kgI of dioxins. As well, we analyzed the data for their uncertainty with results quantified in terms of three uncertainties: basic uncertainty, additional uncertainty, and computational uncertainty. The coefficients of variation of the data were less than 25% and the quality of the inventory data was acceptable with low uncertainty. Both PVC waste disposal processes were of similar quality and their results comparable. The results of our life cycle impact assessment (LCIA) showed considerable reliability of our methodology. Overall, the vacuum pyrolysis process has a number advantages and greater potential for development of PVC disposal than the incineration process. 相似文献
12.
Xue BAI Hanchang SHI Zhengfang YE Qiujin SUN Qing WANG Zhongyou WANG 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2013,7(6):844-850
In this study, microorganisms (named B111) were immobilized on polyvinyl alcohol microspheres prepared by the inverse suspension crosslinked method. The biodegradation of bisphenol A (BPA) and 4-hydro- xybenzaldehyde, a degradation product of BPA, by free and immobilized B lll was investigated. The BPA degradation studies were carried out at initial BPA concentrations ranging from 25 to 150 mg·L^-1. The affinity constant Ks and maximum degradation rate Rmax were 98.3 mg·L^-1 and 19.7mg·mg^-1VSS·d^-1 for free B111, as well as 87.2mg·L^-1 and 21.1mg·mg^-1VSS·d^-1 for immobilized B 111, respectively. 16S rDNA gene sequence analyses confirmed that the dominant genera were Pseudomonas and Brevundimonas for BPA biodegradation in microorganisms B 111. 相似文献
13.
Optimization of the recovery of plastics for recycling by density media separation cyclones 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Gent Malcolm Richard Menendez MarioToraño Javier Torno Susana 《Resources, Conservation and Recycling》2011,55(4):472-482
Material recovery processes are presented as the optimum option for recycling plastic wastes as a means of recovering hydrocarbon resources. There exist a large variety of automated material recovery processes for recycling of such wastes but each with significant limitations. Of these, the separation based on differences in densities is advocated as the optimum process either for producing recycled products or preparing wastes for subsequent recovery processing.Density separation processes based on cyclone type density media separation (DMS) is presented as an important, potential method for increasing plastics recycling process capacities. It is demonstrated to have the capacity to separate a significantly larger range of particle sizes than those presently processed industrially. The mathematical relationship for the prediction of quality of typical LARCODEMS type density media separations by particle size and density as expressed by the Ecart Probable is presented.A proposed device configuration is presented for density media separation to optimize the recovery and purity of both density fractions produced. It is also suggested that to be economically viable, a large scale of operation is required for industrial plastics recycling operations recovering and producing a number of different plastics with a purity to be used as a substitute for virgin material. 相似文献
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15.
目的 从微观分子的角度对硝酸羟胺(HAN)基电控固体推进剂(Electrically Controlled Solid Propellants,ECSP)的性能参数进行模拟与计算。方法 利用分子表面静电势(ESP)对HAN分子2种可能的构型进行优化和稳定性分析。通过真空非周期性分子动力学模拟得到聚乙烯醇(PVA)分子稳定构型,并以HAN基ECSP的主要成分按一定比例构建凝胶模型。基于RESP(Restrained Electrostatic Potential)电荷生成更准确的凝胶模型拓扑文件,并进行凝胶模型的分子动力学模拟、模型稳定分析以及模型参数计算。结果 凝胶模型总能量相对平均值的周期性波动不超过7%。由于三维PVA链的包裹,H2O分子的扩散系数被大幅削弱。氢键分析和径向分布函数表明氢键键长主要分布在0.282 6 nm附近,PVA与H2O间的氢键较少,H2O与HAN、H2O与H2O之间的氢键较多。模型密度为1.405 g/cm3,与实验值吻合度高。在283、293、303 K下,HAN基ECSP凝胶模型的拉伸模量依次降低,剪切模量先增后减。在15 K/600 ps冷却速率下,HAN基ECSP凝胶模型的拉伸模量和剪切模量均增大。结论 ECSP制备结束后,冷却过程中的环境温度不宜过高,否则容易造成ECSP力学性能的快速下降,快速冷却可以提高ECSP的力学性能。 相似文献
16.
针对厌氧氨氧化菌悬浮培养启动慢、易流失、活性易受环境因子抑制等问题,利用聚乙烯醇-聚丙烯(PVA-PP)制备厌氧氨氧化菌包埋填料,在实现厌氧氨氧化菌活性提高及反应体系稳定运行的基础上,采用批次实验明确了COD干扰、pH值变化及摇床转速对包埋填料脱氮特性的影响.并通过高通量测序技术分析了填料内菌群结构和多样性的变化.结果表明,厌氧氨氧化菌活性可在第30 d恢复至100%,阶段培养99 d,总氮容积负荷(NLR)为0. 69 kg·(m3·d)-1时,总氮去除率为87. 7%,140 d长期运行,总氮去除速率(NRR)可达1. 83 kg·(m3·d)-1,是包埋前悬浮污泥的9. 4倍.种群多样性在包埋载体内得到保持,厌氧氨氧化功能菌Candidatus Kuenenia(AF375995. 1)有效富集,占比由11. 06%上升至32. 55%. PVA-PP包埋载体可实现厌氧氨氧化-反硝化耦合脱氮,有机碳源干扰及pH值的变化对厌氧氨氧化菌影响抑制明显减弱,并且摇床转速的适当提高会促进包埋体系厌氧氨氧... 相似文献
17.
周波 《安全.健康和环境》2020,(1):12-15
聚乙烯醇是一种用途相当广泛的水溶性高分子聚合物,某企业采用醋酸乙烯溶液聚合生产聚醋酸乙烯溶液,聚醋酸乙烯溶液再经过醇解反应生产聚乙烯醇。在聚乙烯醇装置醇解罐区共有12个储罐用于储存聚醋酸乙烯,分析储罐氮封系统现状,存在尾气管道积液不畅、呼吸阀频繁开启、供氮阀不按设定值开闭等问题,从本质安全的角度,提出了解决措施,确保储罐安全运行。 相似文献
18.
研究了亚铁盐中NO3-、SO42-、Cl-、Br-等阴离子对Fenton氧化降解高浓度聚乙烯醇(PVA)效果的影响。实验结果表明:酸性条件下具有氧化性的阴离子NO3-或能被氧化形成具有氧化性物质的离子Cl-、Br-对Fenton氧化降解PVA有协同促进作用,且氧化性越强越容易促使PVA大分子链断裂;含NO3-、Cl-、Br-和SO42-的Fenton氧化降解PVA,COD去除率分别为70.05%、70.60%、72.40%和87.90%。采用COD去除率相差不大、产物分子量较小的硝酸亚铁、氯化亚铁、溴化亚铁中的一种作为Fenton试剂催化降解PVA较适宜。 相似文献
19.
聚乙烯醇生化矿化度及自然降解的研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
通过对聚乙烯醇(PVA)生化矿化度、PVA在目然水域及土壤中的自净能力以及PVA降解过程中结构变化的研究,探讨PVA的可生化性及降解进程中物质的转化规律.PVA的生化矿化度高达50-70%,表明PVA在微生物作用下可以高度降解.由自净能力和结构变化过程的研究表明,PVA首先由大分子转变为小分子,经相应时间后向无机物转化,说明PVA在自然水域和土壤中有较好的自净作用。 相似文献
20.
悬浮法聚氯乙烯化工离心母液的生化处理中试 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
采用4级内循环式好氧生物膜反应器串联工艺对悬浮法聚氯乙烯(PVC)离心母液废水进行中试试验,研究了不同停留时间下系统对有机物和浊度的处理效果以及系统的抗冲击能力;观察了生物膜的生长和发展规律;对影响系统稳定运行的主要因素(悬浮物、摇蚊幼虫和营养物)进行了分析,并提出了相应的控制措施.试验结果表明:该工艺启动迅速,在HRT为14h时,废水COD总去除率可达75%以上,出水COD浓度低于50mg/L ,完全可以达到排放标准,也可经深度处理回用于生产. 相似文献