共生菌B1+B2聚乙烯醇降解酶活性优化研究

从PVA降解酶的角度对本实验室前期实验筛选到的共生菌B1 B2进行了研究.在考察共生菌的基本生长和酶活的关系以及PVA降解酶和氧化酶的关系后,研究了不同的营养条件对PVA降解酶活性的影响.通过对主要营养条件的单因素考察,设计正交实验,优化出影响PVA降解酶活性的最佳主要营养条件为酵母汁0.2gL-1、硝酸铵0.2gL-1、葡萄糖0.5gL-1.采用优化条件进行验证实验,PVA降解酶活性(1.61UmL-1)高于正交实验中的最高酶活(1.56UmL-1),研究结果对发酵生产PVA降解酶和提高该菌在PVA废水处理中的降解性能有一定的价值.图5表3参11     

6-2氟调醇在活性污泥中的降解

为了解6-2氟调醇(6-2 FTOH)在城市污水处理厂活性污泥中的好氧降解规律,利用室内模拟实验装置,研究了6-2FTOH在未经稀释驯化的活性污泥中的降解动力学及降解产物分布.结果表明,6-2 FTOH能被活性污泥快速吸附并发生降解,降解反应符合一级动力学,半衰期为0.9d.降解产物包括6-2氟调酸(6-2 FTCA)、6-2不饱和氟调酸(6-2 FTUCA)、5-3氟调酸(5-3 FTCA)、5-2s氟调醇(5-2s FTOH)和全氟己酸(PFHxA).第28 d实验结束时,6-2 FTOH残留率为5.5％,6-2 FTCA和6-2 FTUCA的最终产率分别为0和1.2％.5-3FTCA、5-2s FTOH、PFHxA最终产率分别为23.4％、17.6％和1.3％.     

萃取法从粉煤灰生产Al_2O_3废水中回收偏硅酸钠

采用由C_1~C_4低碳醇组成的复配萃取剂萃取回收粉煤灰生产Al_2O_3废水(脱硅液)中的偏硅酸钠,在提取产品偏硅酸钠的同时回收脱硅液中的碱。直接进行萃取时偏硅酸钠易流失,萃取剂用量大,回收成本较高。将脱硅液浓缩后再进行萃取,萃取剂用量大幅减少,回收成本明显下降。将萃取剂成本与浓缩所需成本之和最低时的最佳浓缩比下、脱硅液与萃取剂体积比为1∶0.8时回收的偏硅酸钠干燥处理,干燥后的偏硅酸钠中Na_2O含量(w)大于20.5%,SiO_2含量大于20.0%,水不溶物含量小于0.05%,铁含量小于0.05%,白度大于70%,产品符合HG/T2568—2008《工业偏硅酸钠》标准。     

PVA/ZnONPs活细胞固定化载体的构建及喹啉生物降解特性试验研究

利用ZnO纳米颗粒(ZnONPs)修饰聚乙烯醇(PVA)制备活细胞固定化载体,并将喹啉降解菌Ochrobactrum sp.LC-1固定。X射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电镜(SEM)分析结果表明,ZnONPs均匀地分布在PVA内部孔隙表面,强化了对细菌及喹啉的吸附效果,且载体内部有大量孔隙支持细菌生长。喹啉生物降解结果表明,固定化细胞喹啉氧化还原酶(Qor)活性是游离细胞的1.7倍,喹啉降解能力大大增强。固定化细胞经驯化后,在喹啉起始质量浓度500 mg/L的条件下,10 h后,固定化细胞喹啉降解率为99.8%,远高于游离细胞的43.2%。当喹啉质量浓度为600~800 mg/L时,固定化细胞对喹啉的降解率可稳定在95%以上,固定化细胞重复利用30次后,喹啉降解率仍维持在94.9%以上,表现出良好的机械耐受强度,可应用于实际生产。     

几种固定化细胞载体的比较

以琼脂、明胶、海藻酸钙、聚乙烯醇和丙烯酰铵凝胶为固定化细胞的包埋固定载体,对其主要包埋条件和性能进行了初步的研究比较。其结果表明,海藻酸钙和聚乙烯醇与琼脂、明胶和丙烯酰胺凝胶相比较,具机械强度较高、传质性能较好,生物毒性较低和固定操作容易等优点,为较好的固定化细胞载体,值得进一步深入研究。     

Using Scalar Models for Precautionary Assessments of Threatened Species

Abstract:  Scalar population models, commonly referred to as count-based models, are based on time-series data of population sizes and may be useful for screening-level ecological risk assessments when data for more complex models are not available. Appropriate use of such models for management purposes, however, requires understanding inherent biases that may exist in these models. Through a series of simulations, which compared predictions of risk of decline of scalar and matrix-based models, we examined whether discrepancies may arise from different dynamics displayed due to age structure and generation time. We also examined scalar and matrix-based population models of 18 real populations for potential patterns of bias in population viability estimates. In the simulation study, precautionary bias (i.e., overestimating risks of decline) of scalar models increased as a function of generation time. Models of real populations showed poor fit between scalar and matrix-based models, with scalar models predicting significantly higher risks of decline on average. The strength of this bias was not correlated with generation time, suggesting that additional sources of bias may be masking this relationship. Scalar models can be useful for screening-level assessments, which should in general be precautionary, but the potential shortfalls of these models should be considered before using them as a basis for management decisions.     

A New Type Synthetic Filter Material for Biofilter: Preparation and its Characteristic Analysis

In this study, a new type poly(vinyl alcohol)/peat composite bead is prepared and is shown suitable as a filter material for biofiltration. The optimal preparation condition is with the peat size of 16–35 mesh, the ratio of water to peat of 40g water/10 peat and the immersion time in the phosphate solution of 30min. The composite bead prepared by this process is a porous spherical particle with a density of 0.692 g/cm³. It contains phosphor and nitrogen nutrient are 2.91mg P/g dry solid and 3.25mg N/g dry solid, respectively. The diameter of composite bead is between 2.4 and 6.0mm and the average diameter is about 4.0mm. The equilibrium moisture content of the bead from adsorption and holding experiments are 50.5 and 66.8% on a wet basis, respectively, corresponding to the optimal filter material required and is sufficient to sustain biological activity as the bead adsorbs equilibrium moisture. The composite bead has higher moisture holding capacity and the compression strength than the pig manure compost filter material. The composite bead has buffer capacity and could maintain the filter bed at pH = 6.9–7.2 during the operation period. The percentage of removed ethyl acetate could stay at over 99% for 33 days operation while the composite bead adsorbed inorganic nitrate nutrient.     

电-Fenton法预处理糖蜜酒精废液厌氧发酵出水

糖蜜酒精废液厌氧发酵出水（以下简称厌氧发酵出水）有机物浓度高、色度大、可生化性差,是一种典型的难降解有机工业废水。为提高废水的可生化性,采用电Fenton工艺预处理糖蜜酒精废液厌氧发酵出水,研究了电Fenton反应中影响因子对废水COD去除速率和BOD5/COD（B/C）值的影响。结果表明,当初始pH调至3,电流密度0.6 mA·cm-2、H2O2（w/w,30%）投加量20 mL·L-1、极间距2 cm、反应90 min后,废水COD去除率达75%,B/C由0.113增大为0.479,废水可生化性得到显著改善。同时发现,分步投加H2O2效果优于反应初始时刻一次性投加,反应的前30 min内结束投加效果最好。为探索糖蜜酒精废液厌氧发酵出水的高效处理方法提供了有意的参考。     

臭氧催化氧化去除水中聚乙烯醇

以Fe2+、Mn2+和Cu2+为催化剂,运用臭氧催化氧化技术对水中聚乙烯醇进行去除实验。结果表明:与单独臭氧氧化比较,臭氧催化氧化对聚乙烯醇的去除效果明显提高,且与催化剂浓度相关,去除效果随Fe2+浓度的增大而提高,在35 mg/L左右达最大值,去除率为85%;随Mn2+浓度的增大而降低,最佳含量约为5 mg/L,去除率为54%;加入Cu2+催化剂,在35 mg/L时去除率为5%,其他剂量时去除效果不明显。3种催化剂投加量同为35 mg/L,反应时间3 h条件下,去除效果对比为:Fe2+ > Cu2+ > Mn2+。     

生活污水PVA生物处理工艺

采用PVA生物处理工艺对某高校生活污水(COD 140~270 mg/L,NH4+-N 20~50 mg/L)进行处理。结果表明:PVA生物系统(85 L)在容积负荷1.5 kg COD/(m3·d)连续运行25 d,系统平均每天处理水量达到272 L,出水平均COD和NH4+-N浓度分别达到27.9 mg/L和1.3 mg/L,此外,经紫外消毒后最终出水菌落数降至1.0×104个/L以下;扫描电镜观察发现,PVA凝胶小球表面和内部均富含大量球菌、丝状菌和杆菌;该系统25 d连续运行过程中污泥产率仅为0.08 MLSS/CODremoved,无污泥外排。