大孔径聚砜超滤膜的研究

作者用向铸膜液中加水的方法对制备大孔膜进行了研究。选择适宜的聚砜浓度和水含量，可以制得截留分子量为１５万的聚砜超滤膜。该膜对丙种球蛋白的截留率＞９５％，纯水透水速度可达７０－８０ｍｌ／ｃｍ＾２·ｈ（０．１ＭＰａ）。     

褐煤对苯酚的吸附性能及机制研究

酚类废水是一种有毒且排放量较大的有机废水,排放之前必须进行有效处理。以污染物苯酚为研究对象,褐煤为吸附剂,基于实验室小试,在正交试验的指导下,采用振荡平衡法研究了褐煤对苯酚的吸附效果,确定了褐煤用量、振荡吸附时间、温度、pH值对苯酚模拟废水吸附效果的影响。结果表明:在褐煤用量为10 g、振荡时间为1.5 h、温度为25℃、pH值为6的条件下,对100 mL质量浓度为100 mg/L的苯酚模拟废水处理效果最佳,苯酚的去除率可达70.86%。在最佳吸附条件下,一方面结合吸附苯酚前后褐煤比表面积及孔隙结构的变化进行分析,另一方面利用FT-IR对褐煤吸附苯酚前后表面官能团的变化进行了对比分析。褐煤内部孔隙发达,存在多类孔,以50 A以下的孔居多数,表明其微孔结构较复杂,且吸附行为致使孔隙面积缩小至近1/3,微孔减少明显,表明微孔对吸附过程影响很大;褐煤表面含有丰富的含氧官能团,为吸附苯酚提供了条件,在吸附苯酚的过程中物理吸附与化学吸附同时存在,褐煤主要表面宫能团—COOH、酚羟基及苯环结构骨架在化学吸附苯酚方面发挥着重要作用。这两方面从微观角度很好地解释了褐煤的吸附机理。     

Effect of intermittent aeration mode on nitrogen concentration in the water column and sediment pore water of aquaculture ponds

Nitrogen in pond sediments is a major water quality concern and can impact the productivity of aquaculture. Dissolved oxygen is an important factor for improving water quality and boosting fish growth in aquaculture ponds, and plays an important role in the conversion of ammonium-nitrogen (NH₄⁺-N) to nitrite-nitrogen (NO₂^?-N) and eventually nitrate-nitrogen (NO₃^?-N). A central goal of the study was to identify the best aeration method and strategy for improving water quality in aquaculture ponds. We conducted an experiment with six tanks, each with a different aeration mode to simulate the behavior of aquaculture ponds. The results show that a 36 hr aeration interval (T_c = 36 hr: 36 hr) and no aeration resulted in high concentrations of NH₄⁺-N in the water column. Using a 12 hr interval time (T_c = 12 hr: 12 hr) resulted in higher NO₂^?-N and NO₃^?-N concentrations than any other aeration mode. Results from an 8 hr interval time (T_c = 8 hr: 8 hr) and 24 hr interval time (T_c = 24 hr: 24 hr) were comparable with those of continuous aeration, and had the benefit of being in use for only half of the time, consequently reducing energy consumption.     

大气腐蚀数据降维最优维度研究

目的确定金属大气腐蚀数据降维的最优维度。方法分别采用PCA、MDS、Isomap和LLE四种方法对大气腐蚀数据进行降维处理,并采用集成学习算法建立预测模型。针对不同的降维方法和近邻点个数计算,使用MAPE(Mean Absolute Percentage Error,相对百分误差绝对值的平均值)对预测结果进行评价,将最佳预测速率所对应的维度作为最优维度。结果不同的降维方法和近邻参数作用下,最优维度从2维到7维不等。流形学习方法对大气腐蚀数据进行降维的MAPE均小于线性降维方法。结论适合每种降维方法的最优维度可能是不同的,通过对MAPE进行对比,得到大气腐蚀数据在各种降维方法的最优维度。     

透析对施氏矿物微观结构及其砷吸附能力的影响

探讨透析对施氏矿物微观结构和砷吸附能力的调控,对高效合成施氏矿物,进而将其应用于含砷地下水处理具有重要意义.本研究在利用FeCl_3·6H_2O与Na_2SO_4合成施氏矿物的基础上,用截留分子量100000 Da和20000 Da透析袋分别对施氏矿物透析10 d与20 d,探究了透析过程对施氏矿物产生量、比表面积、孔体积、平均孔径等矿物特征的影响,并考察了透析前后施氏矿物对废水中砷的吸附去除效果.研究结果表明,透析过程可显著提高矿物的合成量,增加矿物比表面积及孔体积,增加矿物的平均孔径.施氏矿物在截留分子量100000 Da与20000 Da透析袋中透析20 d,矿物产生量分别增加70.70%与79.84%;比表面积分别增加68.75%与45.85%;其中微孔(2 nm)比表面积增加439.90%与395.11%,中孔(2～50 nm)比表面积增加30.63%与9.96%;孔体积分别增加332.79%与287.25%,其中微孔体积增加491.61%与419.92%,中孔体积增加了220.36%与211.95%,透析后矿物平均孔径增长了214.77%与244.31%;矿物对污水中砷的吸附去除能力提高65.60%与64.74%.本研究结果可为化学合成施氏矿物改性并将其应用于地下水除砷领域提供必要的参数支撑.     

Study on the effects of organic matter characteristics on the residual aluminum and flocs in coagulation processes

Characteristics of organic matter may affect the residual aluminum after the coagulation process. This study reported the results of a survey for one drinking water treatment plant and measured the concentration of residual aluminum species with different molecular weights.Survey results indicated that humic acid or organic matter whose molecular weight was smaller than 1500 Da had significant effects on residual aluminum. All the treatment processes were ineffective in removing dissolved organic matter whose molecular weight was smaller than1500 Da. These results also indicated that the addition of sand or polyacrylamide in the coagulation process could greatly decrease the concentration of humic acid, and the concentration of residual aluminum also decreased. These results revealed that for all water samples after filtration, the majority of total residual aluminum existed in the form of total dissolved aluminum, accounting for 70%–90%. The concentration of residual aluminum produced in bovine serum albumin solutions indicated that when the DOC was larger than4.0 mg/L, there were still significant differences when the solution p H value varied from 4.0 to 9.0.     

企业员工心理安全感的基础性问题研究

为明晰心理安全感的研究与发展方向,进而完善心理安全感的框架结构及其理论体系。基于心理安全感的基本定义,剖析心理安全感的内涵。在此基础上,从时间、空间、主体与环境维度出发,构建心理安全感的四维结构体系;从行业类型、影响方式、工作维度、物质属性等层面出发,分析心理安全感的范畴。研究结果表明:理清心理安全感的基础性问题有助于推动人的心理状况与行为规律研究,其研究内容主要包括理论基础与应用实践。     

基于CT技术的巢湖沉积物孔隙结构三维重建的初步研究

为更好地了解分析沉积物孔隙结构特征,本文通过CT技术及相关软件,对巢湖沉积物孔隙结构进行了三维重建,展现了巢湖沉积物真实的三维孔隙结构,并以此为基础定量计算了孔隙度、孔隙连通性、曲率等沉积物孔隙结构参数.结果表明,巢湖表层沉积物孔隙度变化范围为0.28~0.75;曲率在2.83~9.31内变化,且在不同方向上表现出明显的差异性,Z方向上的较高曲率阻碍了孔隙水中的污染物扩散.沉积柱在垂直方向上,总体上随深度的增加,孔隙度减小,但在某些深度存在异常,可能是因为底栖动物活动或沉积条件变化.     

Using social resilience and resource dependency to increase the effectiveness of marine conservation initiatives in Salum,Egypt

The social and economic ramifications of marine conservation strategies such as marine protected areas (MPAs) are important to consider prior to their implementation to ensure that they do not exceed the resilience of resource-users and that resource protection might be maximised through compliance and low resistance. This paper presents a framework in which the human dimensions can be more easily and usefully integrated into the design and delivery of conservation initiatives. The framework espouses quantifying (1) the level of dependency on the resource; (2) perceptions towards conservation initiatives; and (3) social resilience. The framework is applied in Salum, Egypt, which is the site of a prospective MPA.     

颗粒物防护口罩适合因子的影响因素研究

为设计适合国人的防护口罩,利用定量适合性检验和人体头面部尺寸测量的方法,探索影响口罩适合因子(FF)的因素。对4种颗粒物防护口罩(3M8210,3M8210v,3M9332和3M9010)的FF进行检测;测量口罩佩戴者的形态面长、面宽、两耳屏间宽、两下颌角间宽、鼻高、鼻长、鼻宽和两耳屏点间颌下弧长等头面部尺寸数据;计算身体质量指数(BMI)。探讨头面部尺寸、BMI、性别及口罩型号对FF的影响。研究表明:显著影响口罩FF的因素是头面部尺寸和口罩型号,其余因素对FF无显著影响;设计防护口罩应考虑我国人群头面部尺寸特点。