用磷石膏制备建筑胶结料

介绍了利用化工副产品磷石膏和高炉矿渣制备建筑胶结料的方法。重点研究了磷石膏类胶结料的配比及性能。试验结果表明,将未经处理的磷石膏和磨细的高炉矿渣、碱性激发剂和早强剂按一定比较混合可以制备出抗压强度超过40MPa的建筑胶结料。     

氧化铝厂蒸发器发生应力腐蚀的原因分析与防治

对氧化铝厂蒸发器发生应力腐蚀的危害性作了介绍 ,描述了应力腐蚀裂纹的特征 ;对应力腐蚀产生的原因进行了分析 ,并提出了防治措施     

One-dimensional simulation of solute transfer in saturated–unsaturated porous media using the discontinuous finite elements method

A one-dimensional transport model for simulating water flow and solute transport in homogeneous–heterogeneous, saturated–unsaturated porous media is presented. The model is composed of a combination of accurate numerical algorithms for solving the nonlinear Richard's and advection–dispersion equations (ADE). The mixed form of Richard's equation is solved using a standard finite element method (FEM) with primary variable switching. The transport equation is solved using operator splitting, with the discontinuous finite element method (DFE) for discretization of the advective term. A slope limiting procedure for DFE avoids numerical instabilities but creates very limited numerical dispersion for high Peclet numbers. An implicit finite differences scheme (FD) is used for the dispersive term.The unsaturated flow and transport model (Wamos-T) is applied to a variety of rigorous problems including transient flow, heterogeneous medium and abrupt variations of velocity in magnitude and direction due to time-varying boundary conditions. It produces accurate and mass-conservative solutions for a very large range of grid Peclet numbers. The Wamos-T model is a good and robust alternative for the simulation of mass transport in unsaturated domain.     

Analysis of competition models in periodic medium

We propose special models (the so-called D-systems) with periodic delta-functions being used as the growth velocities of the populations. This allows to build, in a practically explicit form, corresponding Poincare mapping and to reveal a series of “paradoxical” phenomena and selection criteria in the dynamics of the competitors. For the analysis of non-autonomous models, new general principle of inheritance of a series of local properties by the global Poincare shift mapping is worked up. Specifically, key heritable properties are determined for non-autonomous competition models. The selection criterion for competitive selection, based on the concept of the universal allowance constant, is derived in this work.     

Study on convection and dispersion characteristics of dense gases in urban environment considering trees

Although several studies on the dispersion of heavy toxic gas released from ruptured tanks on vehicles during transportation have considered complex terrain such as urban buildings, the influence of trees on the flow field in urban areas during gas dispersion tends to be ignored. In this study, a Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) model was proposed to investigate the characteristics of gas release and dispersion from loaded vehicle in the urban environment. In this model, the tree crown was treated as a porous medium, and the influence of drag due to the crown was incorporated into the model by a momentum source term through a user-defined function. In this study, the dynamic characteristics of chlorine (Cl₂) dispersion under the conditions of building distribution, tree species and porosities were comprehensively analysed, to cover the influence of urban complexity, leaf density, and tree planting configuration. The results show that compared with flat terrain, the presence of urban buildings will prolong the dense gas retention time and increase the dangerous distance. It is found that the horizontal dispersion distance can increase by 63% and the isosurface of 25 ppm hazardous gas can increase by 130% with the introduction of buildings. Compared with the terrain with only buildings, the introduction of arbors or shrubs can result in a 147% or 359% increase in the maximum concentration. Also, trees will prolong the dispersion duration. It is also found that the higher the porosity, the less the wind blocking effect, and the weaker the ability of capturing gas. The wind field affected by arbores and shrubs are different in height, and arbores capture more Cl₂. Planting short shrubs around buildings can effectively reduce the spread of harmful gases.     

The adoption of green business practices among small US Midwestern manufacturing enterprises

Manufacturers around the world green their businesses for a variety of reasons, including competitiveness, social responsibility, and external stakeholder pressure. However, small and medium enterprises (SMEs) are thought to lag behind larger ones in the adoption of green business practices. This paper explores the motivations for US Midwestern SMEs adopting a variety of green business practices, using a survey of 59 SMEs in the tool and die manufacturing industry. The majority of firms appear to be internally motivated to implement green practices – driven primarily by cost and competitiveness concerns, more than by social responsibility concerns. External coercive pressure from government or customers does not appear to be a significant motivation for these SMEs. However, informal pressure through government incentives and support programs, as well as mimetic pressure through peer learning via industry associations, appear to be more effective in helping these SMEs to further ‘go green.’     

Porous FeOx/BiVO4-δS0.08：Highly efficient photocatalysts for the degradation of Methylene Blue under visible-light illumination

Porous S-doped bismuth vanadate with an olive-like morphology and its supported iron oxide （y wt.% FeOx/BiVO4-δS0.08, y = 0.06, 0.76, and 1.40） photocatalysts were fabricated using the dodecylamine-assisted alcohol-hydrothermal and incipient wetness impregnation methods, respectively. It is shown that the y wt.% FeOx/BiVO4-δS0.08 photocatalysts contained a monoclinic scheetlite BiVO4 phase with a porous olive-like morphology, a surface area of 8.8-9.2 m^2/g, and a bandgap energy of 2.38-2.42 eV. There was co-presence of surface Bi^5＋, Bi^3＋, V^5＋, V^3＋, Fe^3＋, and Fe^2＋ species in y wt.% FeOx/BiVO4-δS0.08. The 1.40 wt.% FeOx/BiVO4-δS0.08 sample performed the best for Methylene Blue degradation under visible-light illumination. The photocatalytic mechanism was also discussed. We believe that the sulfur and FeOx co-doping, higher oxygen adspecies concentration, and lower baudgap energy were responsible for the excellent visible-light-driven catalytic activity of 1.40 wt.% FeOx/BiVO4-δS0.08.     

高岭土负载纳米铁在含水层的运移行为及重金属污染修复效能研究

为克服重金属污染物修复过程中纳米零价铁易氧化、团聚等缺陷,本研究将其负载于高岭土表面合成负载型纳米零价铁复合材料（K-nZVI）,并利用批次试验、沉降试验及模拟柱试验研究了K-nZVI在含水层中的运移行为及其对地下水重金属污染的修复效能.结果表明,K-nZVI对Pb、Cu、Cd均有很好的去除效果,去除率随着初始浓度的增加、反应温度的升高、反应时间的延长而升高,且在弱碱性条件下修复效果最好.此外,K-nZVI在含水层中表现出较好的分散和稳定性能,运移行为可通过一维对流-弥散-沉积模型描述,其运移能力随着初始浓度的增加、砂颗粒粒径的减小、地下水流速的降低和离子浓度的升高而逐渐减弱.     

Efficient nitrogen doped porous carbonaceous CO2 adsorbents based on lotus leaf

In this work, the waste biomass lotus leaf was converted into N-doped porous carbonaceous CO₂ adsorbents. The synthesis process includes carbonization of lotus leaf, melamine post-treatment and KOH activation. For the resultant sorbents, high nitrogen content can be contained due to the melamine modification and advanced porous structure were formed by KOH etching. These samples were carefully characterized by different techniques and their CO₂ adsorption properties were investigated in detail. These sorbents hold good CO₂ adsorption abilities, up to 3.87 and 5.89 mmol/g at 25 and 0°C under 1 bar, respectively. By thorough investigation, the combined interplay of N content and narrow microporous volume was found to be responsible for the CO₂ uptake for this series of sorbents. Together with the high CO₂ adsorption abilities, these carbons also display excellent reversibility, high CO₂/N₂ selectivity, applicable heat of adsorption, fast CO₂ adsorption kinetics and good dynamic CO₂ adsorption capacity. This study reveals a universal method of obtaining N-doped porous carbonaceous sorbents from leaves. The low cost of raw materials accompanied by easy synthesis procedure disclose the enormous potential of leaves-based carbons in CO₂ capture as well as many other applications.     

以淀粉为模板多孔纳米氧化铈的制备及其催化性能研究

为获得多孔纳米CeO₂（氧化铈）,以淀粉为生物模板,以Ce（NO₃）₃·6H₂O为铈源,在温和条件下制备出海绵状的多孔纳米CeO₂,同时考察了焙烧温度、碱液、铈源投加量对样品形貌的影响.利用XRD（X射线衍射光谱）、SEM（扫描电镜）、N₂吸附-脱附等表征手段对合成的多孔纳米CeO₂进行物相组成、微观形貌及孔径大小分布的分析.通过湿式催化过氧化试验,探究其对腈纶废水中有机物COD_Cr的催化降解性能.结果表明:①所制备的多孔纳米CeO₂具有多孔结构,孔径分布范围为2~4 nm,孔容为0.225 cm3/g,BET比表面积为256.426 m2/g;②多孔纳米CeO₂的最佳制备条件为1 g淀粉溶解于20 mL水中,加入0.02 mol Ce（NO₃）₃·6H₂O,以5%的氨水调节前驱体混合液pH,以1℃/min升至400℃,焙烧4 h,得到海绵状的多孔纳米CeO₂.③以不同形貌的CeO₂作为湿式催化反应中的催化剂,催化降解腈纶废水中有机物,其中以制备的多孔纳米CeO₂催化性能最佳,COD_Cr去除率可达82.5%.研究显示,焙烧温度、碱液、铈源投加量均可影响样品的形貌,在湿式催化过氧化处理腈纶废水试验中,多孔纳米CeO₂能显著提高废水COD_Cr的去除率.