我国中小城镇污水治理现状

随着近几年中小城市发展进程的加快,城市中日益暴露出各方面的问题与弊端,污水治理问题显得尤为突出和严重。污水排放大量增加对我国中小城市水环境造成了严重的污染和破坏,因此对污水处理技术的选择与考量十分迫切。基于我国国情,我国是发展中国家,财力有限。因此用于基础设施上的资金在大城市和中小城镇之间的分配比重严重失衡,中小城镇污水的处理率相对较低。这就决定了中小城镇在选择污水处理技术时,首先要考虑的因素必须是经济、高效、节能和简便易行。     

Zero-valent iron doped carbons readily developed from sewage sludge for lead removal from aqueous solution

Low-cost but high-efficiency composites of iron-containing porous carbons were prepared using sewage sludge and ferric salts as raw materials. Unlike previous time- and energy-consuming manufacturing procedures, this study shows that pyrolyzing a mixture of sludge and ferric salt can produce suitable composites for lead adsorption. The specific surface area, the total pore volume and the average pore width of the optimal composite were 321 m²/g, 0.25 cm³/g, and 3.17 nm, respectively. X-ray diffraction analysis indicated that ferric salt favored the formation of metallic iron, while Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy revealed the formation of hydroxyl and carboxylic groups. The result of batch tests indicated that the adsorption capacity of carbons activated with ferric salt could be as high as 128.9 mg/g, while that of carbons without activation was 79.1 mg/g. The new manufacturing procedure used in this study could save at least 19.5 kJ of energy per gram of activated carbon.     

功能化多孔材料对CO_2的吸附分离研究进展

功能化多孔材料拥有优越的CO_2吸附和存储性能,在燃煤电厂、玻璃炉窑、水泥厂、钢铁厂等高耗能工矿企业采用CO_2吸附技术,对CO_2减排、减缓温室效应具有重要意义。随着研究的不断深入,新型CO_2吸附材料呈现出廉价、易获取、高吸附率等趋势,当前研究重点集中在介孔硅、金属有机框架、沸石、活性炭、聚合物等的表面功能化。总结了上述典型吸附剂功能化的最新成果,重点介绍多孔吸附材料的功能化方法、吸附机理与吸附动力学的研究进展,并提出多孔材料对CO_2的吸附分离的研究空间和发展趋势。     

Influence of the pesticides glyphosate,chlorpyrifos and atrazine on growth parameters of nonochratoxigenic Aspergillus section Nigri strains isolated from agricultural soils

This investigation was undertake to determine the effect of glyphosate, chlorpyrifos and atrazine on the lag phase and growth rate of nonochratoxigenic A. niger aggregate strains growing on soil extract medium at ?0.70, ?2.78 and ?7.06 MPa. Under certain conditions, the glyphosate concentrations used significantly increased micelial growth as compared to control. An increase of about 30% was observed for strain AN 251 using 5 and 20 mg L^?1 of glyphosate at ?2.78 MPa. The strains behaved differently in the presence of the insecticide chlorpyrifos. A significant decrease in growth rate, compared to control, was observed for all strains except AN 251 at ?2.78 MPa with 5 mg L^?1. This strain showed a significant increase in growth rate. With regard to atrazine, significant differences were observed only under some conditions compared to control. An increase in growth rate was observed for strain AN 251 at ?2.78 MPa with 5 and 10 mg L^?1 of atrazine. By comparison, a reduction of 25% in growth rate was observed at ?7.06 MPa and higher atrazine concentrations. This study shows that glyphosate, chlorpyrifos and atrazine affect the growth parameters of nonochratoxigenic A. niger aggregate strains under in vitro conditions.     

石墨炉原子吸收法直接测试水中铝

本文通过基体改进剂的选择及仪器工作条件的选择，探索出一种精密度，准确度均达到满意结果，稳定性较好的测试方法。     

曝气器工业化性能测试研究

对7种曝气器产品分别进行了单盘耐用性生产试验、单盘清水充氧性能试验以及对在大生产试验期间的服务面积、供气量、阻力变化、停气后阻力变化、曝气强度等方面进行了测试对比工作。试验表明,中微孔曝气器的各种性能指标明显优于大孔曝气器,可显著提高混合液中氧的吸收率。     

多孔钛板负载Pd-Cu阴极电催化还原饮用水中硝酸盐的研究

研究了以多孔钛板负载钯-铜(4∶1)合金作为阴极,通过电催化还原脱除饮用水中硝酸盐氮的效果和主要影响因素.试验表明,电催化反硝化的主要产物为氮气,钯-铜合金的电催化活性可达到16.69 mg/(g·h)、选择性可达96.9%.在低硝酸盐氮浓度下,电催化反硝化反应符合表观一级反应动力学,高浓度时符合零级反应动力学.当槽压低于1.5V或电流强度小于5mA时,阴极几乎不会发生硝酸盐氮的还原反应;而当槽压大于4.2V时或电流强度大于30mA时,阴极生成氨氮的副反应显著增加.中性条件下电催化反硝化的活性和选择性都能达到较好的效果,酸性条件下反应活性增加但选择性降低.溶液中的传质对反硝化没有显著影响.溶液中存在的其它阴离子对反硝化不利,不同阴离子对反硝化反应的影响次序为ClO₄^-3^--.     

应用多孔陶瓷滤料治理环境污染

综述多孔陶瓷的类型与特性、制备的原料与方法以及表征多孔陶瓷孔特性的参量;研讨多孔陶瓷在环境污染治理中的应用和原理;简介笔者正在研究的轻质多孔陶瓷滤料、表面改性陶瓷滤料。采用多孔改性陶瓷滤料,结合聚结过滤和光催化技术,分别处理油田开采水和有机污染废水,其中的试验结果显示,聚结过滤工艺对油和悬浮物的去除率分别达到了90%和96%以上,出水水质能达到含油废水回注水的国家A1标准。从而拓展了陶瓷滤料的应用领域。     

嘉陵江流域洪水等级的建议划分标准

根据洪水重现期可以将洪水划分为12个等级,也可根据年最大流量距平值将洪水中长期定性预报分成7个等级.探讨了嘉陵江流域的洪水等级和中长期预报定性分级标准,还对嘉陵江流域1981年7月发生的洪水等级进行了分析.     

安徽洪镇2M_1型多硅白云母的发现及其意义

1地质背景及采样安徽洪镇位于大别山一张八岭高压变质带南界约30km，车臣安庆25km，处于扬子板块前陆地带［v图1）。区内由南东往北西分布中无古界董岭群到中下三叠统青龙群，构造线方向呈北东一南西向。董岭群南侧分布有近精山圆形的洪镇混合花岗岩［’：。区内地层普通变质，但董岭群以上层位均保留有原岩部分特征及化石民本文所发现的ZM；型多硅白云母等分别来自变质砂岩（D。、S。，样号l、2），千枚岩（Z，样号4、5），白云母石英片岩（Pt。，样号6、7）以及大理岩（o；，样号3）中。2ZM；型多硅白云母的鉴定样品中多硅白云母通…