The time process of post‐earthquake recovery: the Yao'an earthquake in China

Post‐disaster recovery is a constantly changing and developing process. The authors conducted three real‐name follow‐up surveys at 1, 12 and 18 months after the Yao'an earthquake, which had a surface wave magnitude of 6.0. They also calculated recovery ratios at different times and drew post‐earthquake domestic life recovery curves. Based on the recovery curves, the time trajectory of domestic life recovery takes on an approximate S‐type development and change process. The recovery time process of domestic life can be divided into four periods: emergency period (weeks 0–2(5)), early recovery period (weeks 2(5)–24), rapid recovery period (weeks 24–34) and late recovery period (weeks 34–60(80)).     

Challenges to mobilising resources for disaster recovery and reconstruction: perspectives of the Haitian diaspora

Diasporas and diaspora non‐governmental organisations (NGOs) are increasingly important as resource lifelines to their home countries, yet the resources that they mobilise, the types of challenges that they face, and their coping mechanisms are not well explored or understood in the context of disaster recovery. To fill this knowledge gap, this study employed an inductive qualitative methodological approach, using interviews to comprehend the role played by Haitian diaspora NGOs after the catastrophic earthquake in 2010. It found that resources take four common forms: event fundraisers; financial and material donations from supporters; remittances; and volunteer labour. Challenges include an overreliance on diaspora donors, competition among NGOs, and what is perceived as inequitable funding practices towards diaspora NGOs. The findings provide insights centred on better coordination among diaspora NGOs, as well as between diaspora NGOs and other local and international NGOs and local governments and international institutions, to ensure more efficient delivery of services to survivors.     

2010年生物多样性目标:指标与进展

针对全球生物多样性急剧下降的态势,2002年<生物多样性公约>缔约方大会通过了2010年生物多样性目标,即"到2010年大幅度降低全球、区域和国家的生物多样性丧失速度".文章分析了2010年生物多样性目标的产生背景和主要内容,讨论了2010年目标评估指标,阐述了全球和国家层次的2010年目标实施进展.最后,展望了2020年生物多样性目标及其战略重点、实施支持机制.     

土地利用/覆盖变化混合动态监测方法研究

针对当前土地利用/覆盖变化动态监测中常用的分类后比较法中存在的误差累积 ,夸大变化程度的缺陷 ,提出了把变化矢量分析和分类后比较法相结合进行混合动态监测的新方法。从北京市海淀区的实例研究来看 ,尽管该方法对单景图像分类精度提高不明显 ,却可以大大降低常规分类后比较法中误差累积的程度 ,改善了常规分类后比较方法中误差累积、出现不合理变化类型的缺陷 ,从而得到较为准确的土地利用/覆盖变化定量信息。     

居住区生活环境质量影响因素的多元统计分析与评价

对杭州、厦门、南京及温州市１７个居住区共１２９７户居民进行生活环境质量调查，在计算机上建立了数据库并进行平均值分析、相关分析、主成分分析及因子分析。结果表明，有３－５个独立因子共同决定居住环境的主观评价，它们是景观因子、设施因子、安全和交通因子。分析还表明，居民对居住区总感受的评分主要由居住区可视环境因素，如景观，绿化、三废污染防治及环境卫生所决定。     

高危岗位矿工心理倦怠对注意执行功能的影响

为探究心智游移在倦怠和注意执行功能间的作用机制,有效减少由负性心理状态引起的不安全行为,降低人因事故发生率。在文献研究的基础上,引入心智游移,采用SART范式和AX-CPT范式,以问卷筛选出的100位国有煤炭企业高危岗位作业人员为研究对象,讨论倦怠、心智游移和个体注意执行功能之间的关系。研究结果表明:高频AX试次会引起惯性反应偏向,被试者需要更多的时间来维持线索字母A和解决无效线索B与有效探针X之间的冲突;高倦怠矿工比低倦怠矿工的注意执行控制功能更易受到高频心智游移的影响;心智游移在倦怠与注意执行功能间起到调节作用。     

Global reforestation and biodiversity conservation

The loss of forest is a leading cause of species extinction, and reforestation is 1 of 2 established interventions for reversing this loss. However, the role of reforestation for biodiversity conservation remains debated, and lacking is an assessment of the potential contribution that reforestation could make to biodiversity conservation globally. We conducted a spatial analysis of overlap between 1,550 forest-obligate threatened species’ ranges and land that could be reforested after accounting for socioeconomic and ecological constraints. Reforestation on at least 43% (∼369 million ha) of reforestable area was predicted to potentially benefit threatened vertebrates. This is approximately 15% of the total area where threatened vertebrates occur. The greatest opportunities for conserving threatened vertebrate species are in the tropics, particularly Brazil and Indonesia. Although reforestation is not a substitute for forest conservation, and most of the area containing threatened vertebrates remains forested, our results highlight the need for global conservation strategies to recognize the potentially significant contribution that reforestation could make to biodiversity conservation. If implemented, reforestation of ∼369 million ha would also contribute substantially to climate-change mitigation, offering a way to achieve multiple sustainability commitments at once. Countries must now work to overcome key barriers (e.g., unclear revenue streams, high transaction costs) to investment in reforestation.     

Effect of imazaquin applications on the growth,leaf chlorophyll and yield of soybean in the Guinea Savanna of Nigeria

Abstract

Field trials were conducted during the wet seasons of 1989, 1991, 1994 and 1995 to evaluate the effects of pre‐emergence and post‐emergence applications of four rates of imazaquin (0.00; 0.15; 0.30 and 0.45kg a.i/ha) on the growth, leaf chlorophyll types and grain yield of soybean c.v. SAMSOY 2. Imazaquin applications had no significant effect on the growth of soybean roots on most of the sampling dates, but pre‐and post‐emergence applications of imazaquin at 0.30 and 0.45kg a.i/ha reduced soybean root nodules at 5 and 7 weeks after planting (WAP). Soybean shoot growth was generally reduced at 5WAP by the pre‐emergence and at 7WAP by the higher rates (0.30 & 0.45kg a.i/ha) of post‐emergence application of imazaquin. Pre‐and post‐emergence applications of imazaquin showed a strong tendency to reduce the concentration of chlorophyll a and total chlorophyll at at 3 and 5WAP respectively. The concentrations of chlorophyll types in soybean leaves at 9WAP was generally comparable among most treatments especially in 1991. Whole plant fresh weight of soybean at 7WAP was reduced by all rates of post‐emergence application of imazaquin. However, there was no significant difference in the whole plant dry weight of soybean at 3 to 7 WAP in 1989 and at 3, 5 and 9WAP in 1991. In each trial, pre‐and post‐emergence applications of soybean significantly increased the grain yield of soybean compared with the control treatment. This study showed that, inhibition of soybean shoot growth and leaf chlorophyll concentration was transient and that soybean plants require about 6 weeks for complete recovery from imazaquin phytotoxicity.     

某油品销售企业油库质检岗位职业病危害现状调查

调查了某油品销售企业质检岗位接触各类职业病危害因素情况,结合工作场所职业病危害因素日常监测结果和作业人员职业健康检查结果,探讨了职业病危害因素对作业人员健康的影响。     

后置固相反硝化滤池工艺沿程微生物特性

为解决现有低碳源污水处理工艺能耗高、工艺复杂和脱氮效果不佳等问题,提出一种新型的混凝沉淀/后置固相反硝化滤池工艺.为了从微生物角度来解释该工艺的宏观脱氮效果,采用聚合酶链式反应-变性梯度凝胶电泳（PCR-DGGE）技术研究了工艺中生物滤池沿程微生物群落结构的变化规律及脱氮功能菌的类型.结果表明,硝化滤池内生物膜中微生物的多样性和丰度沿上向流方向呈逐渐上升的趋势,且硝化细菌在顶端富集,而固相反硝化滤池呈先上升后下降的趋势,反硝化菌在中部富集.硝化滤池中的优势菌株为硝化细菌Nitrosomonas sp. Nm47和Candidatus Nitrospira defluvii;固相反硝化滤池中的优势菌株为反硝化菌Rubrivivas gelatinosus和固体碳源降解反硝化菌Myxobacteria.