BLACK WILLOW CUTTING SURVIVAL IN STREAMBANK PLANTINGS,SOUTHEASTERN UNITED STATES1

Field studies were conducted on black willow (Salix nigra) cuttings planted for riparian zone restoration along Harland Creek, Twentymile Creek, and Little Topashaw Creek in Mississippi, USA. Planted cuttings were 2.5 to 3 m long and had base diameters of 2.5 to 7.5 cm. Streams were unstable, deeply incised sand bed channels with eroding banks 1 to 6 m high. Soil texture, redox potential (Eh), depth to water table, and willow survival were monitored for two to three years after planting. While many factors influence willow cuttings at restoration sites, soil texture and moisture are key to plant success. In these studies, plant survival and growth were best for cuttings planted in soils with less than 40 percent silt‐clay content and a water table 0.5 m to 1.0 m below the soil surface during the growing season. These conditions produced soil Eh greater than approximately 200 mV and were most often observed 1 to 2 m higher than the bank toe. These findings suggest criteria useful for preplanting site evaluations. Additional evidence suggests that preplanting soaking enhances performance of black willow cuttings. Additional factors (channel erosion, herbivory by beaver, and competition from exotics) may control performance over periods longer than two to three years.     

岗位安全与职业健康标准化生产研究

中国加入WTO后，国有企业面临如何应对企业的安全生产问题，东风汽车载重车公司作为国有大型企业在新形式下审时度势积极应对挑战，在推行岗位安全与职业健康标准化生产方面作了一些有益的探讨。     

环境影响后评估中的公众参与研究

公众参与是环境影响后评估的重要内容。探讨了环境影响后评估中公众参与的作用、方法，并在上海轨道交通明珠线噪声影响后评估中开展了公众参与实践。     

后置缺氧UCT分段进水工艺处理低C/N城市污水

为处理低碳源生活污水,以内碳源反硝化途径为出发点,开发了后置缺氧UCT分段进水工艺.该工艺仅在UCT分段进水最后一好氧段末端增加了后置缺氧环节,以强化微生物内碳源储存能力.在低C/N水平（平均进水C/N=3.1±1.5）的生活污水条件下,后置缺氧UCT分段进水工艺实现了平均75.3%的TN去除率,运行61d后同步硝化反硝化去除的氮量高达31.5%;运行40d后污泥内碳源储存水平比原工艺污泥提高12.2%,9小时比内源反硝化速率由零提高至5.56mgN/（gVSS×d）,系统可通过好氧段同步硝化内源反硝化（SNED）提高TN去除率.污泥沉降性能有明显改善：SVI值由350mL/g降至97mL/g,而原UCT分段进水工艺污泥仍然膨胀.该工艺仅在原工艺基础上增加了一后置缺氧段,无需外加碳源和额外硝化液回流设施,有利于水厂升级改造.     

浅析我国目前的环境执法

分析了我国目前的环境执法及影响环境执法的原因,提出了环境执法建议。     

道路运输企业安全评价方法及实例分析

为了有效预防道路运输企业的生产安全事故,在建立道路运输企业安全评价指标体系基础上,利用层次分析法基本原理,详细说明了采用层次分析法评价的步骤,并采用指数标度以提高评价精度,在此基础上确定了各指标的权重,采用模糊综合评价方法进行评价.最后针对实际企业进行实证,结果表明,将模糊综合评价方法引入道路运输企业安全评价,克服了现行评价方法不够定量与评价面过广的不足.该评价方法可结合道路运输企业实际,在开展道路运输企业安全管理及绩效考核工作中得到广泛应用.     

Effects of low doses of bisphenol A and o,p ′- DDT on reproductive function of posthatching male Japanese quail

Forty-six posthatched male Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica) were divided into five groups; Control (n = 8), Oil (n = 8), 2 mg Bisphenol A (BPA) (n = 12), 20 µg o, p′-DDT (n = 11) and Mix [BPA (2 mg) and o, p′-DDT (20 µg)/10 µL] (n = 7). Chemicals were given orally to the quail daily for about 100 days. At day 90 of the experiment, sexual behavior was studied. Moreover, one day before the quail were sacrificed, cloacal gland areas were measured. All birds were scarified at 100 days. Testicular weights as well as gonado-somatic index were recorded. Sperm concentration was analyzed by the computer-assisted sperm analysis system. The testes of each bird were subjected to histopathological examination and the diameter of 30 randomly selected seminiferous tubules was measured. Sexual maturity was significantly delayed in o, p′-DDT and Mix groups. In addition, quail that were given BPA and o, p′-DDT took a significantly longer time to perform the first sexual interaction. The diameters of seminiferous tubules were remarkably reduced in all treated groups. In conclusion, low doses of BPA, o, p′-DDT or a combination of these two agents affected reproductive functions in male Japanese quail, when administered at posthatching.     

In vitro and in vivo inhibition of Ca2+-Mg2+-ATPase activity by cadmium in post larvae of Penaeus monodon

Ca²⁺-Mg²⁺-ATPase is a membrane-bound enzyme and is responsible for regulating cytosolic free calcium. In vitro and in vivo effects of cadmium were studied on Ca²⁺-Mg²⁺-ATPase activity in plasma membrane/mitochondrial fraction of Penaeus monodon post larvae. In vitro studies revealed a concentration-dependent decrease in enzyme activity with an IC₅₀ value of 11.02?µM. In vivo experiments were conducted by exposing the post larvae to 1/10th (0.12?ppm) and 1/5th (0.24?ppm) of LC₅₀ values of cadmium for 30 days. Both ATPase activity and metal accumulation were estimated in post larvae exposed to 0.12 and 0.24?ppm of cadmium at different intervals of 24?h, 48?h, 96?h, 10 days and 30 days. ATPase activity showed a gradual decrease in post larvae on exposure to both the sub-lethal concentrations with respect to their controls and the decrease was significant (p?post larvae exposed to 0.24?ppm and 10 days onwards on exposure to 0.12?ppm of cadmium. However, the effect of cadmium was higher in 1/5th than 1/10th sub-lethal concentration and also time-dependent. These enzyme studies were found to correlate with metal accumulation in post larvae at both the exposure concentrations. Disruption of calcium homeostasis might be one of the possible mechanisms of cadmium toxicity in these organisms.     

突发公共事件的公众认知研究

为了提高公众应对突发公共事件的能力,切实保障人民群众生命财产安全,研究我国突发公共事件的公众认知整体水平和认知差异。采用案头调研法,结合头脑风暴法和德尔菲法,设计30个突发公共事件公众认知因子,使用SPSS18.0版软件,借助方差分析(ANOVA)和事后检验2种统计学方法对204份调查问卷进行统计分析。结果显示,公众对于突发公共事件的预防措施、应对措施、突发公共事件避难场所等7个因子的认知水平普遍较低,对突发公共事件的破坏性、社会影响、媒体的作用等6个因子的认知水平较高;公众的职业与学历对突发公共事件的认知有显著影响;公众认知存在明显的结构性失衡,且比较偏向于感性认知,缺乏理性认知。     

我国海洋工程海洋环境影响后评价方法初探——以温州灵霓北堤工程海洋环境影响后评价为例

海洋工程竣工投产后,其造成的海洋环境负面影响往往超过工程施工前开展的海洋环境影响评价中的预测值,开展海洋工程海洋环境影响后评价工作是近几年来国外海洋发达国家海洋工程管理方面应用较为成熟的一种管理手段。温州灵霓北堤工程是我国首个实施海洋环境影响后评价的工程,在其竣工通车2 a后,为了检验灵霓北堤对瓯江口南北两侧海域的实际海洋环境影响以及前期环境评价单位,温州市发改委委托中国海洋大学展开环境影响后评价工作。中国海洋大学根据海域现状和历史调查资料,采用有无对比、前后对比和数学模型预测的方法,针对工程前期评价单位的预测与结论,评价了灵霓北堤两侧海域海洋环境质量现状,并对前期环评结论的合理性和正确性开展了分析。后评价结果表明,前期评价单位的预测结果基本都已得到体现,但其部分预测值较保守,例如部分区域的冲淤量和灵霓北堤对两侧生物的影响等。