地下煤火回风裂隙火风压分布实验研究

利用煤田露头火区模拟实验装置,通过对煤火燃烧过程中出风裂隙内气体温度的监测,发现裂隙内气体的温度沿裂缝逐渐降低并成指数衰减分布。通过分析得到火区裂隙温度的分布方程并计算得到了裂隙内火风压分布方程,得出煤田火区火风压的影响因素主要有自燃煤层温度、自燃深度和裂隙倾角。     

Model experiment on the dynamic process of oil leakage from the double hull tanker

This paper presents an experimental investigation on oil leakage from the double hull tanker (DHT). It is designed to explore the dynamic process of oil leakage from bottom-rupture hole of DHT. The experimental test shows the leakage resistance mechanism of ballast tank space. The behavior of oil leakage from damaged DHT and dynamic features of flow in the overall process are demonstrated from experimental results. The overall process of oil leakage is divided into free-leakage and resistance-leakage stage according to the corresponding power to study the dynamic features of oil-water flow inside or outside the tank. The corresponding dominated factors of oil leakage in different stage are also pointed out, and the unsteady Bernoulli’s equation is used to verify experimental results. Meanwhile, viscous effect in leakage process is discussed and the importance of hydrodynamic features associated with the mechanism of oil leakage is explored from experimental results.     

烧失量法测定土壤有机质含量的实验条件探究

烧失量法是测定有机质含量的可靠手段,以其方便、快捷、经济等优点被广泛应用于土壤学、地质学、湖泊学等研究中。但由于对煅烧过程的研究较少,煅烧条件的选择不统一,使得不同实验条件下测定结果的可比性较差。本研究使用带烧失称重系统的马弗炉,对中国北方有机质含量不同的三种类型土壤进行了烧失量测定实验,通过观察土壤重量随温度和时间变化的连续失重过程,对煅烧温度、煅烧恒温时长、样品量及升温速率等实验条件进行了系统研究,确立了烧失量法适宜的实验条件组合。实验结果表明:升温速率宜选择3℃/min;样品量建议选用3~5 g,有机物含量低的样品可适量增加;不同类型土壤的适宜煅烧温度略有差别,黑土和栗钙土建议选用550℃,而黑垆土选用500℃或550℃;恒温2h可获得较为稳定的烧失量结果。     

石英灯辐射式瞬态热环境试验关键技术分析

结合石英灯辐射式加热器的特性,从传感器弱信号传输、无功补偿、智能控制、仿形加热器、开环试验技术等角度出发,分析了对型号瞬态热试验性能的影响。结合瞬态热试验的实施,给出了上述几个角度制约热试验实施的改进措施,以期提高试验系统瞬态热试验的有效性。     

生物洗涤和化学吸收组合工艺处理污水厂臭气工程试验研究

目前臭气处理技术发展趋于组合工艺方向,兼顾技术和经济可行性。研究采用生物洗涤和化学吸收组合工艺,在城市污水处理厂开展除臭工程试验。试验分2个阶段进行:第一阶段,启动运行生物洗涤塔,考察生物洗涤塔对H_2S和NH_3的处理效果,并研究生物洗涤塔中活性污泥吸收液成分及性状;第二阶段,在继续运行生物洗涤塔的基础上,启动运行化学吸收塔,考察整个双塔系统对H_2S和NH_3的处理效果。在此基础上开展机理分析和应用验证评价。研究表明除臭系统运行稳定,对H_2S和NH_3去除效果良好,达到国家排放标准。     

Is this trail too crowded? A choice experiment to evaluate tradeoffs and preferences of park visitors in Garibaldi Park,British Columbia

Large crowds in parks can be a problem for park managers and visitors. However, perceptions of crowding are difficult to measure due to coping mechanisms deployed by park visitors. Furthermore, perceptions of crowding should not be measured in isolation, but rather as part of a suite of conditions that comprise the visitors’ outdoor experience. We used a dichotomous choice experiment with visual images and eight attributes to estimate park users’ utilities associated with their visitor experience in Garibaldi Provincial Park in British Columbia, Canada. Our visual method allowed us to control for background view and compare user preferences on hiking trails with preferences at final destinations. We find that utilities are more sensitive to crowding at viewpoints than to other aspects of the outdoor experience. Thus, visitor satisfaction and crowding perceptions are more likely to be defined by where visitors have these encounters rather than the total number of encounters.     

S型皮托管截面受损与皮托管系数变化的实验研究

污染源排放废气流速通常在7～15m／s之间。通过S型皮托管在低速风洞中与标准皮托管的对比实验说明,在10m／s,15m／s两种情况下,皮托管迎风面截面变化对皮托管系数却的影响很大,实验结果可供污染源废气监测和皮托管定期检定进行参考。     

施用牛粪肥和复混肥对碳酸盐岩试片溶蚀作用影响的室内模拟研究

农业施肥影响土壤的理化性质,影响土壤碳酸盐风化动力学,以至影响碳循环系统。本研究通过土柱模拟试验,结合底部埋置碳酸盐岩试片,依据淋滤液的水化学对比分析,研究了施用牛粪肥及复混肥对土下碳酸盐岩试片溶蚀作用的影响。结果表明,施用牛粪肥后,淋滤液中的HCO-3、C1^～、NH4＋、耗氧量（COD）、K＋、Ca2＋、Mg＋、N...     

大气边界层中起尘、降尘过程的模拟实验的相似性原则

风洞模拟实验是研究起、降尘过程最有效的手段。前人只研究了低湍流度气流中,平坦表面的实际起尘过程。作者提出一组扩展的相似性原则,用于模拟大气边界层湍流及复杂地形对趋、降尘过程的影响及防尘风障在此条件下的减尘效率,并得到一系列有意义的结果。      

江河中有机污染物在鲤鱼体内富集与释放的模拟研究

以第二松花江重点有机污染物硝基芳烃为研究对象,用改进的双膜理论预测了７种硝基芳烃的挥发速率常数,快速测定了它们在鱼体内的富集与释放速率常数,用获得的参数及二室模型预测这７种化合物的鱼体内的迁移过程,并与模拟实验测定的结果进行比较,得到了比较满意的结果。