糖类在城市污水生物处理系统中的去除机理

研究了厌氧、缺氧和好氧状态下淀粉在城市污水生物处理系统中水相和泥相中吸附和降解的动力学参数,建立了淀粉在厌氧、缺氧、好氧状态下的降解动力学模型,并对模型预测的结果进行了验证.结果表明,Fritz-Schlunder模型可以较好地描述糖类在厌氧、缺氧和好氧污泥上的吸附过程,吸附的大分子糖类迅速水解为低一级的高分子物质和小分子物质;厌氧降解速率系数K厌、缺氧的降解速率系数K缺与好氧的降解速率常数的比值分别为0.40和0.64;所建立的动力学模型能较好的预测出水糖类的浓度(相对误差<10%).     

Leaf surface compounds of the potato (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Solanum tuberosum</Emphasis>) and their influence on Colorado potato beetle (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Leptinotarsa decemlineata</Emphasis>) feeding

Summary.  The sampling behavior of the Colorado potato beetle Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say (CPB) involves examination of the surface of potato leaves. It has been suggested that leaf surface compounds (volatiles and cuticular waxes) may be involved in host-plant recognition, acceptance or discrimination. Here we report on the effect of leaf surface extracts of six Polish commercial potato varieties on CPB feeding. We tested the influence of potato leaf surface extracts on CPB adult and larval feeding, then separated the extracts with HPLC, and finally tested the effect of the HPLC-separated fractions on CPB feeding. The bioassays were performed using potato leaf discs deprived of their original surface compounds. Applied to test discs at concentrations ten times higher than natural (10 leaf area equivalent), the extracts deterred CPB adults and larvae from feeding. HPLC-separated fractions composed of alkanes, sesquiterpene hydrocarbons, wax esters, benzoic acid esters, fatty acid methyl, ethyl, isopropyl and phenylethyl esters, aldehydes, ketones, methyl ketones, fatty acids, primary alcohols, β-amyrin and sterols did not affect adult CPB feeding. Similarly, alkanes, sesquiterpene hydrocarbons, wax esters, methyl ketones, sesquiterpene alcohols and secondary alcohols had no effect on larval CPB feeding. The sterol fraction (cholesterol, β-sitosterol and stigmasterol) acted as a phagostimulant to CPB larvae. We isolated a fraction demonstrating a phagodeterrent effect on CPB adults and larvae. The qualitative composition of the deterrent fraction was quite similar in all potato extracts, but there were quantitative differences between the varieties. Much further work is needed to identify the compounds that can produce the deterrent effect.     

螯合淀粉衍生物对铜离子吸附性能的研究

以玉米淀粉为原料,经交联、间接醚化、胺化反应合成了交联氨基淀粉(CAS),CAS进一步与CS2亲核加成反应,合成了带有二硫代氨基甲酸(DTC)基团的DTC改性淀粉(DTCS)．研究了CAS和DTCS吸附铜离子的动力学行为,结果表明,二者对铜的吸附均符合Freundlich等温式．298K时,CAS和DTCS的吸附速率常数分别为κ=1．758h^-1和κ=10．32h^-1．根据对吸附行为的研究得到了表观动力学方程和热力学参数,并藉助IR和元素分析及吸附平衡研究了吸附机理．     

微波辐射法合成淀粉-丙烯酰胺接枝物及其絮凝性能研究

微波辐射法可合成淀粉 丙烯酰胺接枝物 ,产物可经红外光谱证明。其絮凝性能受接枝物浓度、接枝物接枝率、溶液酸度、溶液温度及絮凝时间等因素的影响。将其用作絮凝剂处理生活污水 ,效果优于国产聚丙烯酰胺 ,处理后的污水可达标排放。     

Effects of multiple annular obstacles on flame propagation of local corn starch dust in a vertical pipe

With high-speed camera technology, the propagation behavior of explosion flame for the local dust cloud of corn starch in a semi-open vertical pipe under the action of the annular obstacle was studied experimentally, and the blockage rate and the annular obstacle numbers as well as impact of dust cloud concentration on the flame propagation were investigated. The researches showed that both the blockage rate and the annular obstacle numbers have significant effects on the flame speed and propagation process for the dust cloud explosion of corn starch. The increase of the blockage rate of such annular obstacles will cause that the combustion of dust cloud with high concentration is mainly concentrated in the lower part of the pipe. The increase of the annular obstacle numbers will lead to the acceleration of combustion of the dust cloud. With the increase of the blockage rate and the annular obstacle numbers, the maximum flame speed shows a trend of the first increasing and then decreasing, and the phenomenon of accelerated propagation of the flame becomes more and more obvious, however, the distance of continuous acceleration for the flame is gradually decreased and the maximum flame speed is farther from the outlet of the pipe. Under the action of such annular obstacles, the concentration of dust cloud has a significant effect on the flame speed and shape of the dust cloud of the corn starch. The increase of the concentration of the dust cloud will decrease the acceleration effect of such annular obstacles to result in maximum flame speed showing a trend of the first increasing and then decreasing. However, the acceleration distance of the flame is longer, and the maximum flame speed is closer to the outlet of the pipe. The increasing concentration will make the flame speed develop more slowly, the flame color will be darker, and the flame segmentation phenomenon will be more obvious.     

Bicriteria decision model for farm management of the Colorado potato beetle: development and validation

This paper describes the development and testing of a deterministic simulation model for pest and resistance management of the Colorado potato beetle (CPB). Historically, CPB have developed resistance to new pesticides quickly. A potato farmer's pesticide application decisions trade off current crop yields and resistance development. The simulation incorporates major aspects of beetle life processes, pesticide resistance, and potato growth in order to predict the consequences of a pesticide application strategy over a ten-year planning horizon.     

微生物絮凝剂XM09活性成分分析及应用

从活性污泥中筛选出一株絮凝剂高产菌酱油曲霉M09,研究其所产絮凝剂的性质及处理实际废水的效果.结果发现,该絮凝剂XM09是M09分泌至细胞外的代谢产物,是富含羟基和羧基官能团的多糖类物质.以淀粉废水作为测试废水,采用SAS软件进行影响絮凝活性因素的响应面分析,获得了模拟程度较好的回归模型,进而得到最优的絮凝条件方案:M...     

淀粉改性纳米四氧化三铁的制备及其除磷效能的研究

以可溶性淀粉为改性剂,采用氧化沉淀法分别制备了可溶性淀粉改性Fe3O4以及纯Fe3O4,并研究了2种Fe3 O4粒径、表面性质以及除磷效能的差异。实验结果表明,淀粉改性使得纳米Fe3 O4粒径减小,粒径由60 nm减小到10nm左右;红外和Zeta电位结果表明淀粉在Fe3 O4粒子表面是化学吸附;2种纳米Fe3 O4对...     

Toxicity of metalaxyl,azoxystrobin, dimethomorph,cymoxanil, zoxamide and mancozeb to Phytophthora infestans isolates from Serbia

A study of the in vitro sensitivity of 12 isolates of Phytophthora infestans to metalaxyl, azoxystrobin, dimethomorph, cymoxanil, zoxamide and mancozeb, was conducted. The isolates derived from infected potato leaves collected at eight different localities in Serbia during 2005–2007. The widest range of EC₅₀ values for mycelial growth of the isolates was recorded for metalaxyl. They varied from 0.3 to 3.9 μg mL^?1 and were higher than those expected in a susceptible population of P. infestans. The EC₅₀ values of the isolates were 0.16–0.30 μg mL^?1 for dimethomorph, 0.27–0.57 μg mL^?1 for cymoxanil, 0.0026–0.0049 μg mL^?1 for zoxamide and 2.9–5.0 μg mL^?1 for mancozeb. The results indicated that according to effective concentration (EC₅₀) the 12 isolates of P. infestans were sensitive to azoxystrobin (0.019–0.074 μg mL^?1), and intermediate resistant to metalaxyl, dimethomorph and cymoxanil. According to resistance factor, all P. infestans isolates were sensitive to dimethomorph, cymoxanil, mancozeb and zoxamide, 58.3% of isolates were sensitive to azoxystrobin and 50% to metalaxyl. Gout's scale indicated that 41.7% isolates were moderately sensitive to azoxystrobin and 50% to metalaxyl.     

多孔铁-碳-稀土合金填料对高盐废水中氯离子的去除

高盐废水是目前水处理领域的难点,主要研究了不同因素下多孔铁碳合金填料对氯离子的去除效果,及Cl-的去除机理。在进水pH为2,停留时间为60 min,Cl-浓度20 000 mg/L条件下进行实验,通过静态实验和连续实验确定Cl-主要去除途径为微电解过程引起的填料吸附。这种合金填料对实际高氯废水也有较好的处理效果,针对变性淀粉废水,在最优条件下填料对废水中氯离子有较强的吸附去除能力,同时COD去除率能达到57%,废水的可生化性得以大幅度提高。