过滤-混凝气浮工艺在特种有色纸废水治理中的应用

介绍了应用过滤 混凝气浮工艺治理特种有色纸废水的工程实例。主要污染物SS去除率达 84%～ 93 5% ;CODCr、BOD5 去除率均大于 88% ;色度得到相应削减 ,废水回用率达到 80 %。     

利用航空γ能谱资料快速预测环境氡浓度

航空γ能谱测量方法是核辐射区域本地调查,区域环境中核辐射污染调查和评价的有效方法。文中不同于以往的利用航空γ能谱测量数据换算地面(1 m高)空气吸收剂量率的方法,而是运用大地-大气氡交换理论模型及氡的析出率理论,预测区域空气中氡浓度,并可计算出区域氡地质潜势。计算结果表明方法快速、高效,具有较好的实用价值。     

油田企业安全生产管理现状及对策研究

中国石化高度重视安全生产管理工作,始终把安全生产放在首要位置,但基层调研发现,油田企业安全生产管理依然存在薄弱环节。分析了油田企业安全生产现状,通过深化安全生产体系建设,推进双重预防机制,加大培训和重点工作安全生产监管,着力提升油田企业安全生产基础管理,建立油田企业安全生产管理长效机制,确保油田企业安全生产总体稳定。     

我国城市垃圾综合治理现状及其发展方向

本文在分析我国城市垃圾治理现状的同时，从清洁生产、资源化角度探讨其发展前景，阐述了垃圾综合整治的若干对策。     

广东不同质地水稻土Q／I特性与钾肥施用技术的关系的研究

钾素Ｑ／Ｉ特性是表征土壤钾素状况的一个重要指标，它能同时度量土壤钾素的强度和容量．本文研究了广东不同质地水稻土Ｑ／Ｉ特性与大田钾肥施用技术的关系．结果表明：（１）不同质地土壤的Ｑ／１曲线差异明显，砂土类曲线较平缓．粘土类曲线较陡。（２）ＰＢＣｋ与土壤粘粒含量呈极显著正相关（ｒ＝０．６５３）．（３）－△Ｋ０与作物相对百分产量呈极显著正相关（ｒ＝０．８７３），可作为预测当季作物需钾量的参数．（４）ＡＲ＿ｅ￣ｋ与土壤粘粒含量呈显著负相关（ｒ＝－０．５２０），ＡＲ＿ｅ￣ｋ的大小可作为钾肥合理分配的依据．     

南黄海鳀鱼产卵场大型底栖生物次级生产力研究

根据2001至2003年南黄海鳀鱼产卵期在鳀鱼产卵场33个站考察采集的大型底栖生物定量样品资料,利用Brey's(1990)的经验公式对调查海区进行了大型底栖生物栖息密度、生物量、次级生产力和P/B值的研究计算.结果表明,该海域大型底栖生物平均栖息密度为194.3 ind.m-2,平均生物量以去灰干重计,为4.08 g m-2,平均次级生产力以去灰干重计,为4.09 g m-2a-1.研究表明,生物量和次级生产力受水深的影响.平均P/B值在研究海域为1.32a-1.对研究结果与整个南黄海、渤海和东海的结果进行了比较与讨论,证明生产力随水深的加大而降低,P/B值随水温升高而升高.图2表1参25     

杭州城市及其边缘区湿地磷化学特征的研究

对杭州城市及其边缘区湿地土壤的磷形态组成、固磷能力和释放潜力等方面进行了初步的研究。结果表明,杭州城市及边缘地区的湿地由于受人类影响的不同及所处环境的差异,性质已有很大的分异。城区的西湖、水塘和河流底泥中磷的积累、磷的饱和度和零吸附磷平衡浓度均明显高于城市边缘地区的湿地;湿地土壤中的磷主要呈不稳定、或亚稳定态,可提取态磷约占总磷的80%,62%的湿地土壤磷饱和度在25%以上。最大磷吸附量的大小主要与湿地中无定形氧化铁、铝含量有关。零吸附时磷的浓度(EPC)较高,在0.10~2.48mg·L-1之间,具有较强的释放潜力。半透膜渗析法测得的磷释放量与磷积累呈正相关,但当磷饱和度超过25%时,其磷释放量显著增加。研究表明杭州市及其边缘区湿地土壤磷已普遍达到较高水平,这在一定程度上影响磷净化功能的正常发挥。     

Is big the best? Queen size,usurpation and nest closure in a primitively eusocial sweat bee (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Lasioglossum malachurum</Emphasis>)

For primitively eusocial insects in which a single foundress establishes a nest at the start of the colony cycle, the solitary provisioning phase before first worker emergence represents a risky period when other, nestless foundresses may attempt to usurp the nest. In the primitively eusocial sweat bee Lasioglossum malachurum (Hymenoptera, Halictidae), spring foundresses compete for nests which are dug into hard soil. Nest-searching foundresses (‘floaters’) frequently inspected nests during this solitary phase and thereby exerted a usurpation pressure on resident queens. Usurpation has been hypothesised to increase across the solitary provisioning phase and favour closure of nests at an aggregation, marking the termination of the solitary provisioning phase by foundresses, before worker emergence. However, our experimental and observational data suggest that usurpation pressure may remain constant or even decrease across the solitary provisioning phase and therefore cannot explain nest closure before first worker emergence. Levels of aggression during encounters between residents and floaters were surprisingly low (9% of encounters across 2 years), and the outcome of confrontations was in favour of residents (resident maintains residency in 94% of encounters across 2 years). Residents were significantly larger than floaters. However, the relationship between queen size and offspring production, though positive, was not statistically significant. Size therefore seems to confer a considerable advantage to a queen during the solitary provisioning phase in terms of nest residency, but its importance in terms of worker production appears marginal. Factors other than intraspecific usurpation need to be invoked to explain the break in provisioning activity of a foundress before first worker emergence.     

Seasonal variations of organic-carbon and nutrient transport through a tropical estuary (Tsengwen) in southwestern Taiwan

This paper reports the fluvial fluxes and estuarine transport of organic carbon and nutrients from a tropical river (Tsengwen River), southwestern Taiwan. Riverine fluxes of organic carbon and nutrients were highly variable temporally, due primarily to temporal variations in river discharge and suspended load. The sediment yield of the drainage basin during the study period (1995–1996, 616 tonne km^–2 year^–1) was ca. 15 times lower than that of the long-term (1960–1998) average (9379 tonne km² year^–1), resulting mainly from the damming effect and historically low record of river water discharge (5.02 m³ s^–1) in 1995. The flushing time of river water in the estuary varied from 5 months in the dry season to >4.5 days in the wet season and about 1 day in the flood period. Consequently, distributions of nutrients, dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and particulate organic carbon (POC) were of highly seasonal variability in the estuary. Nutrients and POC behaved nonconservatively but DOC behaved conservatively in the estuary. DOC fluxes were generally greater than POC fluxes with the exception that POC fluxes considerably exceeded DOC fluxes during the flood period. Degradation of DOC and POC within the span of flushing time was insignificant and may contribute little amount of CO₂ to the estuary during the wet season and flood period. Net estuarine fluxes of nutrients were determined by riverine fluxes and estuarine removals (or additions) of nutrients. The magnitude of estuarine removal or addition for a nutrient was also seasonally variable, and these processes must be considered for net flux estimates from the river to the sea. As a result, nonconservative fluxes of dissolved inorganic phosphorus (DIP) from the estuary are –0.002, –0.09 and –0.59 mmol m^–2 day^–1, respectively, for dry season, wet season and flood period, indicating internal sinks of DIP during all seasons. Due to high turbidity and short flushing time of estuarine water, DIP in the flood period may be derived largely from geochemical processes rather than biological removal, and this DIP should not be included in an annual estimate of carbon budget. The internal sink of phosphorus corresponds to a net organic carbon production (photosynthesis–respiration, p–r) during dry (0.21 mmol m^–2 day^–1) and wet (9.5 mmol m^–2 day^–1) seasons. The magnitude of net production (p–r) is 1.5 mol m^–2 year^–1, indicating that the estuary is autotrophic in 1995. However, there is a net nitrogen loss (nitrogen fixation–denitrification < 0) in 1995, but the magnitude is small (–0.17 mol m^–2 year^–1).     

农业生产活动对鄱阳湖区生态环境的影响

鄱阳湖区是江西省重要商品粮基地，但其生态环境也有较为脆弱的一面。某些违反生态规律的农业生产活动导致该区生态环境的恶化。本文从围湖造田、湖区传统耕作制度、乡镇企业发展及农民环境意识淡薄等方面分析了它们对湖区生态环境的影响，并提出几点治理意见。