电除尘器接地系统行业标准解读

电除尘器接地系统的设计和施工,不仅会直接影响电除尘器性能和效率,也会影响其它控制系统的正常工作。本文从电除尘器的工作特性出发,解读了电除尘器标准中有关接地的各项要求,并希望通过此文能对规范电除尘器接地系统的设计和施工有所帮助。     

Impacts of Residential Development on Humid Subtropical Freshwater Resources: Southwest Florida Experience1

Abstract: The population of Collier and Lee Counties in southwestern Florida has increased 11‐fold from 1960 to 2004 with a concomitant increase in freshwater demand. Water levels and salinity within the water table aquifer over the past two to three decades have generally been stable, with more monitoring wells showing statistically significant temporal increases in water level than decreases. Residential development has had a neutral impact on the water table aquifer because the total annual evapotranspiration of residential communities is comparable to that of native vegetation and less than that of most agricultural land uses. Public water supply systems and private wells also result in net recharge to the water table aquifer with water produced from deeper aquifers. Confined freshwater aquifers have overall trends of decreasing water levels. However, with the exception of the mid‐Hawthorn aquifer, water levels in most areas recover to near background levels each summer wet season. Freshwater resources in humid subtropical areas, such as southwestern Florida, are relatively robust because of the great aquifer recharge potential from the excess of rainfall over ET during the wet season. Proper management can result in sustainable water resources.     

燃油箱系统静电实验研究

在飞机燃油箱内填充网状聚氨酯泡沫材料(以下简称“聚氨酯泡沫”)是一种十分有效的被动抑制损伤的防爆技术。但在飞机地面加油时,燃油与聚氨酯泡沫的高速冲刷与摩擦会产生静电并可能发生静电荷的积聚而使燃油带上高的静电电压,极有可能发生静电火花放电,威胁飞机安全。为了探寻填充聚氨酯泡沫燃油箱系统的静电电压积累规律,设计了简化的实验装置和测量系统,以几种较快的流速进行静电循环冲刷实验,并分类进行各项实验数据的整理和分析。通过Origin7.0软件采用非线性最小二乘法拟合(Levenbergmarquardt算法),编制了自定义参数初始化函数,完成了实验公式的参数求解。该参数估计不受人工干预,且拟合精度较高。通过实验和计算得到了填充聚氨酯泡沫燃油箱系统的静电电压积累数学表达式,基本符合静电电压经典物理公式。     

含油污泥资源化技术综述

文章综合论述了溶剂萃取、焦化、热化学洗油及油田调剖处理、焚烧、热解六种污泥资源化处理技术,分析了污泥处理与资源化程度、二次污染物处理工艺、设施投资和运行的直接经济效益、适用范围及特点。研究结果表明,热解处理技术具有较好的应用前景,值得深入研究及推广应用。     

土地开发复垦潜力分析初探——以四川省彭州市为例

以四川省彭州市为例，对彭州市待开发复垦的土地进行了潜力分析，包括耕地后备资源的调查、待开发复垦土地的适宜用途评价、潜力分级、经济效益及前景分析。结果表明：在耕地后备资源调查的基础上，通过对待开发复垦土地的潜力分析，可以明确土地开发复垦后的适宜用途、土地开发复垦的难易程度以及空间布局和数量分布，这是对县（市）域进行土地开发复垦潜力研究的有效方法，也是在实际运用中具有较强指导意义的方法。     

THE FLEXIBLE TOLERANCE METHOD FOR ESTIMATING HYDROLOGIC PARAMETERS IN THE ROOT ZONE1

In this study, a constrained minimization method, the flexible tolerance method, was used to solve the optimization problems for determining hydrologic parameters in the root zone: water uptake rate, spatial root distribution, infiltration rate, and evaporation. Synthetic soil moisture data were first generated using the Richards' equation and its associated initial and boundary conditions, and these data were then used for the inverse analyses. The results of inverse simulation indicate the following. If the soil moisture data contain no noise, the rate of estimated water uptake and spatial root distribution parameters are equal to the true values without using constraints. If there is noise in the observed data, constraints must be used to improve the quality of the estimate results. In the estimation of rainfall infiltration and surface evaporation, interpolation methods should be used to reduce the number of unknowns. A fewer number of variables can improve the quality of inversely estimated parameters. Simultaneous estimation of spatial root distribution and water uptake rate or estimation of evaporation and water uptake rate is possible. The method was used to estimate the water uptake rate, spatial root distribution, infiltration rate, and evaporation using long‐term soil moisture data collected from Nebraska's Sand Hills.     

Air Pollution Potential: Regional Study in Argentina

/ Air pollution potential is a measure of the atmospheric conditions that are unable to transport and dilute pollutants into the air, independently of the existence of sources. This potential can be determined from two atmospheric parameters: mixing height and transport wind. In this paper a statistical analysis of the mixing height and transport wind, in order to determine the areas with high or poor atmospheric ventilation in Argentina, is presented. In order to achieve this, meteorological data registered during 1979-1982 at eight meteorological stations were used. Daily values of the maximum mixing height were calculated from observations of daily temperatures at different heights and maximum surface temperature. At the same time as the maximum mixing height, the values of the transport wind were determined from the surface windspeed and the characteristics of the ground in the surroundings of each meteorological station. The mean seasonal values for both parameters were obtained. Isopleths of the mean seasonal of the maximum mixing heights were drawn. The percentage of seasonal frequencies of poor ventilation conditions were calculated and the frequency isopleths were also drawn to determine areas with minor and major relative frequencies. It was found that the northeastern and central-eastern regions of Argentina had a high air pollution potential during the whole year. Unfavorable atmospheric ventilation conditions were also found in the central-western side of the country during the cold seasons (37.5% in autumn and 56.9% in winter). The region with the greatest atmospheric ventilation is located south of 40 degrees S, where the frequency of poor ventilation varies between 8.0% in summer and 10.8% in winter.     

Modelling impacts of alternative farming management practices on greenhouse gas emissions from a winter wheat–maize rotation system in China

Agricultural production plays an important role in affecting atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations. Field measurements were conducted in Quzhou County, Hebei Province in the North China Plains to quantify carbon dioxide (CO₂) and nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from a winter wheat–maize rotation field, a common cropping system across the Chinese agricultural regions. The observed flux data in conjunction with the local climate, soil and management information were utilized to test a process-based model, Denitrification–Decomposition or DNDC, for its applicability for the cropping system. The validated DNDC was then used for predicting impacts of three management alternatives (i.e., no-till, increased crop residue incorporation and reduced fertilizer application rate) on CO₂ and N₂O emissions from the target field. Results from the simulations indicated that (1) CO₂ emissions were significantly affected by temperature, initial SOC, tillage method, and quantity and quality of the organic matter added in the soils; (2) increases in temperature, initial SOC, total fertilizer N input, and manure amendment substantially increased N₂O emissions; and (3) temperature, initial SOC, tillage, and quantity and quality of the organic matter added in the soil all had significant effects on global warming. Finally, five 50-year scenarios were simulated with DNDC to predict their long-term impacts on crop yield, soil C dynamics, nitrate leaching losses, and N₂O emissions. The modelled results suggested that implementation of manure amendment or crop residue incorporation instead of increased fertilizer application rates would more efficiently mitigate GHG emissions from the tested agro-ecosystem. The multi-impacts provided a sound basis for comprehensive assessments on the management alternatives.     

再生水水质环境中典型水华藻的生长特性

基于微藻的生长潜力试验,研究了再生水回用于景观水体时的水华风险.结果表明,在天然混合藻种接种体系中,铜绿微囊藻(Microcystis aeruginosa)在再生水水质条件下的生长潜力大于其他受试藻种,其在3种二级出水(A2O、氧化沟和活性污泥)中的最大藻密度均可大于106个.mL-1,比生长速率0.39 d-1.A2O-超滤膜过滤-活性炭吸附-氯消毒深度处理工艺没有有效减低铜绿微囊藻的生长潜力,难以减小水华风险.再生水中的TP浓度能够明显影响铜绿微囊藻的最大密度(Kmax)和最大种群增长速率(Rmax),且符合Monod方程.     

基于WOFOST模型的京津冀地区冬小麦生产潜力评价

研究利用近40年的逐日气候数据,借助WOFOST作物模型模拟分析了京津冀地区冬小麦的生产潜力,通过与实际产量的比较,探讨了提高冬小麦产量的潜力与措施。研究表明：①京津冀地区(除张家口和承德地区)冬小麦光温潜力介于6934~9143kg/hm²之间,从冀中南部向京津地区和冀东北地区逐渐增大,区域平均生产潜力为8037kg/hm²;②冬小麦雨养潜力介于4515~6639kg/hm²之间,由东部和南部随降水量降低依次向西北递减,到冀西北区降至最低,区域平均产量为5771kg/hm²;③影响冬小麦产量的自然因子中,水分是关键限制要素,北部地区也受低温霜冻的影响;④京津冀中部和南部地区的冬小麦生产潜力年际变化波动相对较小,东北部变化波动相对较大;⑤2005-2007年研究区冬小麦的实际单产在2721~7300kg/hm²之间,区域平均5247kg/hm²,相当于潜在产量的50%~80%,其中石家庄地区附近实际产量达到潜在产量的80%以上,天津和沧州地区以及邯郸地区,实际产量与潜在产量的差距较大。