Drinking water production by uitrafiltration of Songhuajiang River with PAC adsorption

In recent years, membrane ultrafiltration (UF) of surface water for drinking water treatment has become a more attractive technology worldwide as a possible alternative treatment to conventional clarification. To evaluate the performance of ultrafiltration membranes for treatment of surface water in North China, a 48-m2 low pressure hollow fiber membrane ultrafiltration pilot plant was constructed. Ultrafiltration was operated in cross-flow and with powdered activated carbon (PAC) adsorption. Turbidity was almost completely removed to less than 0.2 NTU (below Chinese standard 1 NTU). It was found that PAC addition enhanced organic matter removal. The combined process of PAC/UF allowed to 41% removal of CODMn 46% removal of DOC and 57% decrease in UV254 absorbance. The elimination of particles, from average 12000/ml in the raw water to approximately 15/ml in the permeated, was observed. When PAC concentration was below 30 mg/L, backwashing could recovery the membrane flux with backwash interval/backwashing duration of 1/30.     

百菌清应急处理研究

文章研究了在模拟条件下污水厂中百菌清污染的应急处理措施。试验结果表明:投加粉末活性炭可有效地去除百菌清,确保出水达到水厂排放标准,粉末活性炭在40 min内即可完成对百菌清87%以上的吸附,投加量在1.0 g/L时,溶液中剩余百菌清的含量为痕量,在气象色谱的检测下限(0.024μg/L)范围内;混凝沉淀工艺对百菌清也有较好的去除效果,在混凝剂投加量为150 mg/L的条件下,百菌清的去除率可达85.39%;粉末活性炭吸附和混凝工艺联用可以形成互补,有效去除百菌清的同时保证处理后出水碳水分离。     

磁性树脂预处理对粉末活性炭吸附水中卡马西平的影响

通过磁性树脂预处理,来提高粉末活性炭(PAC)应对水源水中突发以卡马西平(CBZ)为代表的PPCPs类有机物污染风险的能力.结果显示,Freundlich吸附模型可以更好描述PAC对CBZ的吸附规律;假一级动力学对CBZ吸附动力学过程模拟结果良好,假二级动力学更适合模拟时间大于1h的吸附过程;200~300目PAC具有较大的吸附容量和较快的吸附速率;在模拟配水试验中,磁性树脂与PAC联用相比单独使用PAC时,DOC去除率提高了40.64%,UV254去除率提高了41.27%,CBZ去除率提高了14.72%.在去除水中有机污染物过程中,磁性树脂与PAC间存在协同作用,磁性树脂预处理强化了PAC对CBZ的去除效果.     

利用嗜酸性硫杆菌去除制革污泥中铬的研究

本研究采用嗜酸性硫杆菌(Thiobacillus ferrooxidans和Thiobacillus thiooxidans)并添加S粉为能源物的生物淋滤技术应用于制革污泥中铬的去除(溶出).序批式试验结果表明,淋滤处理8d,Cr的溶出率可高达100%(污泥中铬的原始浓度为14519mg/kg).在能源物各种投加比例中,以4g/L的投加比例较好.研究表明,生物淋滤法去除制革污泥中铬主要是通过嗜酸性硫杆菌的新陈代谢使介质酸化而实现的.生物淋滤作用导致介质pH下降到2.0,是使制革污泥中铬大量溶出的一个临界点,在pH低于这个临界点时,污泥中铬去除率才可迅速达到80%～100%.这为重金属含量高的废弃物处理展示了一条全新的途径.     

膜-生物反应器处理微污染水源水的运行特性

考察了悬浮生长型MBR和3种附着生长型MBR处理人工模拟微污染水源水时的运行特性.结果表明,4种MBR对氨氮的去除率均可达到85%～90%.投加块状填料和粉末活性炭(PAC)的MBR对有机污染物去除率较高;投加沸石粉的MBR和悬浮生长型MBR有机物去除效果较前两者低.当水力停留时间(HRT)为2～4h时,HRT对MBR有机物和氨氮的去除效果影响很小.PAC投加量及其饱和程度会影响PAC-MBR系统对有机物特别是UV₂₅₄的去除率.当PAC投加量提高到1000mg/L以上时,PAC饱和前UV254的去除率可较块状填料-MBR提高约25%; PAC饱和后,两系统对有机物的去除效果相差不大.对于连续运行中膜的过滤性能,投加PAC和块状填料的MBR与悬浮生长型MBR相差不大,而沸石粉-MBR最低.改变PAC投加量对PAC-MBR中膜过滤性能的影响不大.     

聚合氯化铝与粉末活性炭联合强化混凝处理垃圾渗滤液

研究了联合粉末活性炭与聚合氯化铝(PAC)强化混凝对垃圾渗滤液原水的处理效果。结果表明,在原水COD为4 100 mg/L、浊度为147 NTU、UV254为20的条件下,粉末活性炭的加入可以有效增加垃圾渗滤液中有机物的去除率,PAC投加量为0.6 g/L时,投加0.6 g/L粉末活性炭,COD的去除率由21.6%提高到29.1%,UV254去除率由29.8%提高到39.9%,剩余浊度由138 NTU降到133 NTU。该强化混凝过程使原水中溶解性小分子有机物的去除率提高显著,PAC投加量为0.6 g/L时,投加0.6 g/L粉末活性炭,在分子量小于1 kDa的范围内,UV254去除率由2.9%上升为10%。     

粉末活性炭对水中农药的吸附性能研究

研究了粉末活性炭对2,4-滴、呋喃丹、甲萘威和莠去津的吸附过程和吸附规律以及投炭量和水质对粉末活性炭吸附性能的影响。结果表明,粉末活性炭能有效去除4种农药;吸附规律符合Freundlich吸附等温线和Langmuir吸附等温线;吸附时间为30 min时,去离子水中的去除率已达到80%以上;随着投炭量的增加,去除率提高,粉末活性炭的吸附容量降低;在不同水质条件下,粉末活性炭的吸附等温线可能不同,因此在应急处理中,首先应该确定该水质下的吸附等温线,然后求出投炭量。     

Drinking water production by ultrafiltration of Songhuajiang River with PAC adsorption

In recent years, membrane ultrafiltration （UF） of surface water for drinking water treatment has become a more attractive technology worldwide as a possible alternative treatment to conventional clarification. To evaluate the performance of ultrafiltration membranes for treatment of surface water in North China, a 48-m^2 low pressure hollow fiber membrane ultrafiltration pilot plant was constructed. Ultrafiltration was operated in cross-flow and with powdered activated carbon （PAC） adsorption. Turbidity was almost completely removed to less than 0.2 NTU （below Chinese standard 1 NTU）. It was found that PAC addition enhanced organic matter removal. The combined process of PAC/UF allowed to 41% removal of CODMn, 46% removal of DOC and 57% decrease in UV254 absorbance. The elimination of particles, from average 12000/ml in the raw water to approximately 15/ml in the permeated, was observed. When PAC concentration was below 30 mg/L, backwashing could recovery the membrane flux with backwash interval/backwashing duration of 1/30.     

Effect of powdered activated carbon on Chinese traditional medicine wastewater treatment in submerged membrane bioreactor with electronic control backwashing

Chinese traditional medicine wastewater, rich in macromolecule and easy to foam in aerobic biodegradation such as Glycosides, was treated by two identical bench-scale aerobic submerged membrane bioreactors （SMBRs） operated in parallel under the same feed, equipped with the same electronic control backwashing device. One was used as the control SMBR （CSMBR） while the other was dosed with powdered activated carbon （PAC） （PAC-amended SMBR, PSMBR）. The backwashing interval was 5 min. One suction period was about 90 min by adjusting preestablished backwashing vacuum and pump frequency. The average flux of CSMBR during a steady periodic state of 24 d （576 h） was 5.87 L/h with average hydraulic residence time （HRT） of 5.97 h and that of PSMBR during a steady periodic state of 30 d （720 h） was 5.85 L/h with average HRT of 5.99 h. The average total chemical oxygen demand （COD） removal efficiency of CSMBR was 89.29% with average organic loading rate （OLR） at 4.16 kg COD/（m^3.d） while that of PSMBR was 89.79% with average OLR at 5.50 kg COD/（m^3.d）. COD concentration in the effluent of both SMBRs achieved the second level of the general wastewater effluent standard GB8978-1996 for the raw medicine material industry （300 mg/L）. Hence, SMBR with electronic control backwashing was a viable process for medium-strength Chinese traditional medicine wastewater treatment. Moreover, the increasing rates of preestablished backwashing vacuum, pump frequency, and vacuum and flux loss caused by mixed liquor in PSMBR all lagged compared to those in CSMBR; thus the actual operating time of the PSMBR system without membrane cleaning was extended by up to 1.25 times in contrast with the CSMBR system, and the average total COD removal efficiency of PSMBR was enhanced with higher average OLR.     

粉末活性炭强化常规处理工艺时混凝效能的研究

在水源水质突然变差时,为了保证饮用水水质和水厂的经济低耗运行。以松花江水为原水,采用不同投量的粉末活性炭(PAC)来强化常规处理工艺,通过实验考察了硫酸铝(AS)、聚合氯化铝(PACl)、复合铝铁（PAF）及后2种混凝剂分别与助凝剂高锰酸盐复合药剂（PPC）、活化硅酸配合使用时对浊度和COD_Mn的去除情况。实验结果表明：（1）在进水水质相同的情况下,以浊度和COD_Mn为控制指标,达到同样的处理效果时,制水成本比较的结果为PAF相似文献