缓蚀剂在军用飞机维护中的应用研究

目的验证海洋环境下硬膜水置换型缓蚀剂应用于军用飞机连接部位的有效性。方法采用功能渗透性试验、环境谱加速腐蚀对比试验对缓蚀剂性能进行评价,并通过在某型飞机典型结构部位的领先试用验证缓蚀剂的实际应用效果。结果缓蚀剂渗透率可达到85%。应用于军用飞机内部,对腐蚀的发展有明显的抑制作用,可显著延长腐蚀发生的时间。结论应用缓蚀剂作为腐蚀预防的有效手段,可在军用飞机维护中推广应用。     

Prenatal diagnosis of a lethal form of Netherton syndrome by SPINK5 mutation analysis

Netherton syndrome (NS) is a severe autosomal recessive ichthyosis with no specific treatment or prenatal diagnosis available at present. The recent identification of SPINK5, which encodes a serine protease inhibitor, as the defective gene enables DNA-based prenatal diagnosis to be carried out. Here we report the first direct molecular prenatal diagnosis of a lethal form due to a recurrent SPINK5 mutation in three consanguineous Turkish families. XmnI restriction enzyme digestion and DNA sequencing demonstrated that each deceased affected child was homozygous for mutation 153delT inherited from each parent. Analysis of fetal DNA from amniotic fluid cells in Family 1 and from a chorionic villus sampling in Family 3 showed that the fetus was heterozygous for 153delT in both cases. The pregnancies were carried to term and the newborns were unaffected. In Family 2, fetal DNA analysis from chorionic villus biopsy showed in a first pregnancy that the fetus was homozygous for 153delT. The pregnancy was terminated at 13 weeks and DNA analysis of fetal keratinocytes confirmed the prenatal prediction. In a second pregnancy in Family 2, fetal DNA analysis showed heterozygosity for 153delT, and the pregnancy was continued. Direct SPINK5 mutation analysis in families at risk for NS represents the first early, rapid and reliable method for prenatal diagnosis of this life-threatening form of ichthyosis. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

两种不同阻垢剂对硫酸钡垢的协同作用初探

N和R都是工业上常用的阻垢剂。N是一种磷酸钠盐,具有抑制晶核生长的效果,R是一种磷酸酯盐,具有分散效果。通过使用油田上典型的易结垢盐水配方,采用静态瓶试验和动态模拟试验相结合的方法讨论了N和R以及其不同比例混合物的阻垢效果,考察了硫酸钡垢的成垢机理和阻垢剂的阻垢机理。结果表明,在70℃,250PSI条件下,混合物N∶R为3∶1时的阻垢剂效果最好,具备协同作用。     

阻垢剂对钙离子沉积的影响及其机理

全面研究了4种阻垢剂从低浓度到高浓度对钙离子的作用。在低浓度阶段，阻垢效果随着阻垢剂浓度的增加而增强；在高浓度阶段，阻垢剂会与钙离子生成沉淀，加大浓度后沉淀会溶解。经过分析发现，这几种阻垢剂与钙离子之间存在化学计量关系。     

有色冶炼重金属废水回用研究

通过对株洲冶炼厂重金属废水回用结垢问题的研究，针对其垢样主要属碳酸钙垢型的特点，提出以投加高效低剂量的阻垢剂作为防止结垢的主要方法，运行证明，该防止结垢方法具有明显的经济效益和环境效益，应用前景广阔。     

适用于弱碱性条件下使用的防垢剂研究

在防垢剂防垢性能测评中,对适于弱碱性条件下的防垢剂进行了实验研究。研究结果表明,在pH值为8时,有机膦酸、膦羧酸类防垢剂均具有很好的防垢性能;加入量为5mg/L时,对碳酸钙的防垢率可达95%以上。在pH值为9时,复配防垢剂有较好的防垢效果。例如FG-01与HPAA按1∶1复配后,加入量为5mg/L时,防垢率可达71.3%;加入量为10mg/L时,防垢率可达78.1%。     

含膦磺酸基共聚物PAMPS的合成及阻垢性能研究

利用实验方法合成了含膦磺酸基共聚物PAMPS,通过正交试验评价优选出最佳合成条件,对其阻垢性能进行了评价。将含膦磺酸基共聚物PAMPS与HEDP和含膦基共聚物PCA进行了比较,结果表明,当PAMPS用量为10mg/L时,阻止碳酸钙结垢率达到83.73%,优于同等条件下HEDP与PCA阻止碳酸钙结垢率;当PAMPS用量达到3mg/L时,阻垢率达到98.32%,对硫酸钙的阻垢性能优于HEDP和PCA。同时还可看出,含膦磺酸基共聚物PAMPS对阻止碳酸钙结垢具有低剂量效应,对阻止硫酸钙结垢具有低剂量效应和溶限效应。这说明PAMPS是一种优良的阻垢分散剂。     

Effect of inhibitors on macroscopical oxidation kinetics of calcium sulfite

In the presence of inhibitors, the macroscopical oxidation kinetics of calcium sulfite, the main byproduct in wet limestone scrubbing, was studied for the first time by adding different inhibitors and varying pH, concentration of calcium sulfite, oxygen partial pressure, concentration of inhibitors and temperature. The mathematical model about the general oxidation reaction was established,which was controlled by three steps involving dissolution of calcium sulfite, mass transfer of oxygen and chemical reaction in the solution.It was concluded that the general reaction was controlled by mass transfer of oxygen under uncatalyzed conditions, while it was controlled by dissolution of calcium sulfite after adding three kinds of inhibitors. Thus, the theory was provided for investigating the mechanism and oxidation kinetics of sulfite. The beneficial references were also supplied for design of oxidation technics in the wet limestone scrubbing.     

天然高分子改性多功能水处理剂FIQ-C缓蚀性能及缓蚀机理的研究

研究了多功能水处理剂FIQ－C在循环冷却水中对A3钢的缓蚀性能，考察了各种因素对缓蚀性能的影响，探讨了FIQ－C的缓蚀机理。研究结果表明，当FIQ－C的投加量为5mg/L时，在循环冷却水中的缓蚀率可达60％以上，且在中、低温条件下对A3钢均具有良好的缓蚀作用，是一种混全型缓蚀剂。     

钼酸盐复合缓蚀剂对海水中碳钢缓蚀性及机理研究

采用失重法、电极化法和X-射线光电子能谱XPS技术对钼酸盐复合缓蚀剂的缓蚀性及缓蚀机理进行了研究。实验结果表明:单一钼酸盐对海水中碳钢的缓蚀率随着钼酸盐使用浓度的增加而增加,但低浓度使用缓蚀率较低。通过失重法确定了与钼酸盐有较好协同效应的缓蚀剂配方-钼酸盐、柠檬酸钠、有机膦酸盐(HEDP)和锌盐,当缓蚀剂各组分浓度分别为10mg/L、40mg/L、10mg/L和4mg/L时,该缓蚀剂对海水中碳钢的缓蚀率超过93%。动电位极化曲线测试结果表明:单一钼酸盐缓蚀剂和钼酸盐复合缓蚀剂均为抑制阳极反应为主的阳极型缓蚀剂;X-射线光电子能谱XPS实验结果表明:添加了缓蚀剂的碳钢表面形成了以氧化铁和有机铁络合物为主要成分,钼与磷也参与成膜的不溶性沉淀膜,有效的抑制了海水对碳钢表面的腐蚀。