Dynamics of soil inorganic nitrogen and their responses to nitrogen additions in three subtropical forests, south China

Three forests with different historical land-use, forest age, and species assemblages in subtropical China were selected to evaluate current soil N status and investigate the responses of soil inorganic N dynamics to monthly ammonium nitrate additions. Results showed that the mature monsoon evergreen broadleaved forest that has been protected for more than 400 years exhibited an advanced soil N status than the pine （Pinus massoniana） and pine-broadleaf mixed forests, both originated from the 1930＇s clear-cut and pine plantation. Mature forests had greater extractable inorganic N pool, lower N retention capacity, higher inorganic N leaching, and higher soil C/N ratios. Mineral soil extractable NH4^＋-N and NO3-N concentrations were significantly increased by experimental N additions on several sampling dates, but repeated ANOVA showed that the effect was not significant over the whole year except NH4^＋-N in the mature forest. In contrast, inorganic N （both NH4^＋-N and NO3^--N） in soil 20-cm below the surface was significantly elevated by the N additions. From 42% to 74% of N added was retained by the upper 20 cm soils in the pine and mixed forests, while 0%-70% was retained in the mature forest. Our results suggest that land-use history, forest age and species composition were likely to be some of the important factors that determine differing forest N retention responses to elevated N deposition in the study region.     

Effect of inorganic carbon on anaerobic ammonium oxidation enriched in sequencing batch reactor

The present lab-scale research reveals the enrichment of anaerobic ammonium oxidation microorganism from methanogenic anaerobic granular sludge and the effect of inorganic carbon(sodium bicarbonate)on anaerobic ammonium oxidation.The enrichment of anammox bacteria was carried out in a 7.0-L sequencing batch reactor(SBR)and the effect of bicarbonate on anammox was conducted in a 3.0-L SBR.Research results,especially the biomass,showed first signs of anammox activity after 54 d cultivation with synthetic w...     

碳酸盐碳测定在沙尘暴来源地识别中的应用

根据中国大气颗粒物特点 ,在国内沙尘暴研究中首次尝试利用碳酸盐碳进行沙尘暴来源地识别。测定了一系列黄沙、大气颗粒物和沙尘暴源区土壤样品。初步了解了上述样品中碳酸盐碳含量情况 ,结合国外研究结果对影响北京的沙尘暴源区进行推测并与其他方法作了比较     

拟柱孢藻生长及碱性磷酸酶活性对不同磷浓度和磷形态响应的株系间差异

拟柱孢藻(Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii)是热带地区普遍存在的蓝藻种类,近年来广泛扩张到温带地区水体,耐受低磷环境和多生态型的存在被认为是该藻能成功入侵的重要原因.为进一步了解不同藻株对磷波动的生理响应是否存在差异,本研究以广东省镇海水库分离的4株拟柱孢藻(N1、 N8、 N9和N10)为材料,观测它们的生长和碱性磷酸酶(ALP)活性在不同无机磷(Pi)浓度(HP=7.13 mg·L^-1、 MP=0.64 mg·L^-1、 LP=0.03 mg·L^-1)和磷形态[磷酸氢二钾(K₂HPO₄)、焦磷酸钾(K₄P₂O₇)、三聚磷酸钾(K₅P₃O₁₀)、 D-葡萄糖-6-磷酸(D-G-6-P)、三磷酸腺苷(ATP)、环磷酸腺苷(cAMP)]的变化.结果表明, 4株拟柱孢藻的生长对Pi浓度变化的响应基本一致,即它们的生物量都随Pi...     

室内尘埃中铅的赋存形态与儿童血铅的相关性研究

有关室内尘埃中铅的赋存形态与儿童血铅的相关性研究尚未见报道。在对某地儿童血铅进行调查期间,发现当地儿童血铅浓度与室内尘埃中铅的水溶态、离子交换态、腐殖酸结合态、铁锰氧化态、强有机结合态和残渣态呈正相关,但不显著,无统计学意义。但与总铅浓度呈显著正相关(R=0.447,P=0.032),与铅的碳酸盐结合态呈高显著相关(R=0.537,P=0.008)。在此基础上,将儿童血铅分别与尘埃中铅暴露量、摄入量和潜在剂量进行相关分析,结果表明,儿童血铅与室内尘总铅摄入量和总铅潜在剂量正相关但无统计意义,与尘总铅暴露量显著相关(R=0.431,P=0.040),与碳酸盐态的暴露量(R=0.537,P=0.008)、摄入量(R=0.538,P=0.008)和潜在剂量(R=0.540,P=0.008)高度显著相关。提示在土壤和尘埃中铅的碳酸盐态含量较高的地区,碳酸盐态铅可能是造成儿童血铅超标的主要原因。     

北京市典型重污染过程中PM2.5载带水溶性无机离子污染特征分析

为研究北京地区冬季PM_(2.5)载带的水溶性无机离子组分污染特征,2013年1月在中国环境科学研究院内采用在线离子色谱(URG-9000B,AIM-IC)对PM_(2.5)中水溶性无机离子(SO_4~(2-)、NO_3~-、Cl~-、NH_4~+、Na~+、K~+、Mg~(2+)、Ca~(2+))进行监测与分析。结果表明,采样期间总水溶性无机离子(TWSI)浓度为61.0μg/m~3,其中二次无机离子SO_4~(2-)、NO_3~-、NH_4~+(SNA)占比达72.3%,在PM_(2.5)中占比为40.29%,表明北京市PM_(2.5)二次污染严重。重污染天[NO_3~-]/[SO_4~(2-)]表明,固定源污染较移动源更为显著。三元相图表明,在空气质量为优的情况下,NH_4~+(在SNA中占比为30.3%~65.5%,下同)主要以NH_4NO_3的形式存在,较少比例以(NH_4)_2SO_4存在;严重污染时,NH_4~+(47.3%~77.9%)主要以(NH_4)_2SO_4形式存在,其次以NH_4NO_3的形式存在,其余的NH_4~+以NH_4Cl的形式存在。[NO_3~-]/[SO_4~(2-)]日变化表明,早、晚机动车高峰影响北京重污染发生。     

化学需氧量和总有机碳在水质在线监测中的比较

化学需氧量(COD)和总有机碳(TOC)是定量表示水体受有机物污染的2个重要代表性指标。传统的COD在线监测方法在监测有机污染物方面存在一定的挑战,系统比较了COD和TOC在线监测方法在特殊水质中的应用。结果显示:TOC对难氧化有机物的氧化效率高达98%,高氯离子和无机还原性离子对TOC测量误差影响分别约为10%和7%。TOC可更直接、更准确地反映出水体受有机物污染的情况,最后对TOC指标在水质在线监测中的推广应用提出建议。     

江西省南昌市地下水无机污染现状及其评价

介绍了南昌地区地下水类型、含水岩(层)组的空间分布和地下水的补给、径流、排泄条件及动态变化规律,阐述了研究区地下水主要污染源类型、数量及污染途径及水质量现状。文章从无机污染方面,对区内地下水污染现状进行了初步分析评价,并提出了防治建议。     

重庆地区锶盐产业可持续发展对策研究

描述了锶的特性;介绍了锶盐在现代工业、化工及军事工程中不可替代的作用;分析了重庆地区锶矿开采、锶盐加工中存在的问题;提出了解决制约锶盐产业可持续发展瓶颈问题的措施。     

Properties of polyferric-silicate-sulfate(PFSS) coagulant

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