碱渣海洋倾倒定点化学追踪试验

碱渣海洋倾倒，在夏季温度、盐度和密度跃层存在下，以ｐＨ、浊度为化学追踪指示值，于北黄海５号倾废区进行的三个航次定点化学追踪试验，讨论了碱渣入海后的沉降速度，扩散时间和飘移距离。选择ｐＨ、浊度值作为碱渣海洋倾倒化学追踪指示值是一种尝试。实验室模拟及海上现场试验结果表明，它们在碱渣海洋倾倒中定量描述碱渣在海水中的时空分布是可行的。可作为研究碱渣海洋倾倒区划分合理性应用，并可提供基本依据。     

华北地区下古生界海相碳酸盐岩二次生烃作用机理研究

我国下古生界海相碳酸盐岩中有机质由于形成时间早，经历了漫长的地质历史演化，一部分有机质深埋已形成了烃类，由于后期构造运动抬升则停止了生烃过程，但当再次深埋时，源岩干酪根受热温度超过一次生烃温度时，源岩又开始第二次生烃。本文对我国古老的下古生界海相碳酸盐岩的二次生烃作用及其机理进行了较为详尽的研究。     

碱渣对海洋水环境中PO_4~（3－）的吸附动力学特征

本文作为碱渣倾倒对海洋水环境影响现场调查的先期研究，从理论上推导了固─液体系的二级吸附动力学模型。在室内试验的基础上，利用该模型对碱渣─海水混合体系的吸附试验数据进行了理论分析。认为碱渣对海水中磷酸盐的吸附是二级动力学过程。并且提出了碱渣─海水体系中碱渣含量对吸附反应速率影响大小的“强度指数”概念。应用该模型预测了不同混合比例条件下碱渣对海水中不同初始浓度磷酸盐的平衡吸附量和平衡浓度。理论分析发现，预测的平衡吸附量和平衡浓度之间符合乔姆金等温吸附方程，说明了海水中磷酸盐在碱渣表面上的吸附是遮盖率不大的单层化学吸附，与本文的前提假设相符合。     

利用双金刚烷指标研究下古生界海相碳酸盐岩的热成熟度

金刚烷类化合物是一类具有重要地球化学意义的结构特殊的化合物。其中的双金刚烷系列化合物尤为重要，本文建立的双金刚烷成熟度指标X(MD)与镜质组反射率具有良好的相关关系，利用该成熟度指标可以解决高演化阶段判定烃源岩和原油成熟度等难题。对于缺乏镜质体的下古生界海相碳酸盐烃源岩，利用该指标判定成熟度就显得尤为重要。     

从化学加工工艺谈磷矿物的分类及其意义

作者认为磷矿物是以固溶体形式出现的一组含氟磷酸钙盐,多种矿物盐的组合常以其最为稳定的形式,即能量最低的状态存在。因此,作者对磷矿物的分类不是从矿物类型而是以能量方程式所具有的特征系数进行分类。根据矿物类型建立P_2O_5枸溶率、晶胞参数a_0轴的模拟方程。分类结果:自然界的磷矿物共分高氟磷灰石、富氟磷灰石、低碳氟磷灰石,氟磷灰石和低氟磷灰石五类。由于磷矿物中的氟含量直接影响了磷矿物的各种性质,而磷矿煅烧(包括脱氟磷肥生产)过程实质上是模拟磷矿在自然界的变质过程,使P_2O_5枸溶率和化学反应性下降。因而可根据本文分类对磷矿物的应用进行直接评价。     

Enhanced adsorption and colorimetric detection of tetracycline antibiotics by using functional phosphate/carbonate composite with nanoporous network coverage

This work presents efficient tetracycline (TC) antibiotics adsorption using a functional porous phosphate/carbonate composite (PCC). The PCC was fabricated by anion-exchange of phosphate on the surface of vaterite-phase calcium carbonate particle scaffolds. The PCC, having dense nanoporous network coverage with large surface area and pore volume, exhibited excellent TC adsorption in solution. Its adsorption isotherm fitted well to the Freundlich model, with a maximum adsorption capacity of 118.72 mg/g. The adsorption process was spontaneous, endothermic, and followed pseudo-second-order kinetics. From the XPS analysis, the hydrogen bonding and surface complexation were the key interactions in the process. In addition, a colorimetric TC detection method was developed considering its complexation with phosphate ions, originating from PCC dissolution, during adsorption. The method was used to detect TC in mg/L concentrations in water samples. Thus, the multifunctional PCC exhibited potential for use in TC removal and environmental remediation.     

聚合硅酸铝铁(PSAF)的制备与絮凝性能研究

以硫酸铝、硫酸铁、水玻璃为主要原料 ,制备了聚合硅酸铝铁 (PSAF)絮凝剂。研究了不同 Al/ Fe/ Si摩尔比、碱化度 B* )值、p H值、投加量等因素对絮凝效果的影响 ,考察了 PSAF的絮凝性能 ,并与传统絮凝剂作了比较。结果表明 :在 p H值为 6- 8,投药量为 1.5× 10 - 5mol·L- 1 (以 Si O2 计 ) ,PSAF中 Al/ Fe/ Si摩尔比为 1∶ 1∶ 1,B*为 0 .8时絮凝效果最佳 ,其絮凝去浊性能明显优于硫酸铝、硫酸铁及聚硅酸     

无机微滤膜过滤阻力的研究

本文采用孔径为 0 .8μm、0 .2 μm和 5 0nm的无机微滤膜 ,考察了不同情况下膜的过滤阻力分布情况。对于造纸黑液 ,当浓度较低时 ,过滤阻力由膜阻力、吸附阻力、堵孔阻力和浓差极化阻力共同控制 ;当浓度较高时 ,吸附阻力起主要作用。过滤 1g/L聚乙二醇溶液的试验结果表明 ,不同孔径膜的过滤阻力构成是不同的 ,孔径越小则吸附阻力越小 ,但浓差极化阻力会显著增加     

The effect of inorganic and organic chlorine on formation of highly chlorinated organic compounds during incineration: Laboratory pilot study

Aliphatic liquid as a basic fuel was incinerated in a laboratory scale pilot plant. Inorganic chlorine and organic chlorine mixed with basic fuel were used as additive chemicals. Sodium chloride (NaCl) and tetrachloroethylene (C₂Cl₄) were used as the sources of inorganic and organic chlorine. Combustion parameters were adjusted for optimum combustion and, consequently, the amount of particles in flue gases was low. The concentrations of chlorine in flue gases were high enough for possible formation reactions of organic chlorinated compounds in all of the chlorine input tests. An increase in chlorine input did not significantly increase the amounts of highly chlorinated organic compounds, like PCDD/Fs. The main result was that chlorophenol concentrations increased in parallel with organic chlorine input. Comparing organic chlorine to inorganic chlorine tests showed that more highly substituted PCDD/F congeners were formed when organic chlorine was the additive chlorine source. The formation of highly chlorinated organic compounds such as PCDD/Fs requires not only chlorine and aliphatic fuel to be formed, but some catalysts are also needed.     

膜蒸馏-结晶技术的研究现状和发展前景

膜蒸馏-结晶工艺是一种新的回收纯物质方法,尤其从废水中分离出晶体.对于膜蒸馏-结晶技术进行了综述,介绍了膜蒸馏-结晶技术的优点,以及工艺控制的关键技术.概述了膜蒸馏-结晶的起源和国内外研究现状,指出了膜蒸馏-结晶在高浓度无机盐废水中应用的优势,预测其在该方向上很好的发展前景.