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561.
Ozone biomonitoring is a detection and monitoring techniquethat involves documenting ozone-induced visible injury toknown ozone-sensitive species under conditions of ambientexposure. The USDA Forest Service administers a long-term,nationwide ozone biomonitoring program to address public andscientific concerns about ozone impacts on forest health. Asystematic grid is used as the basis for biomonitoring sitelocations. At each site, trained field crews evaluate amaximum of thirty plants of up to six species and record the amount and severity of leaf-injury on individualplants. Injury from ozone was found more often on biomonitoring sites in the eastern Unites States than in theinterior or west-coast areas. Further results from thenortheast reveal that in any year, there is a higherpercentage of ozone-injured plants with more severe symptomsin areas with relatively high ozone concentrations than inareas with relatively low ozone. In very dry years (e.g.,1999) the percentage of injured plants and injury severityestimates are both sharply reduced even though ambient ozoneexposures are high. These findings demonstrate thatbiomonitoring data provide meaningful evidence of when highozone concentrations during the growing season have biologicalsignificance. Any assessment of ozone stress in the forestenvironment must include both biomonitoring (i.e., plantresponse) and air quality data to be complete. 相似文献
562.
本文通过对盘龙区‘‘九五"期间降水监测结果进行评价,得出昆明市中心区酸雨的变化趋势,并加以分析,提出对策建议. 相似文献
563.
内蒙古草原四种主要禾本科牧草若干生理特性的研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
禾本科牧草是内蒙古草原植物群落中最重要的优势植物。其中,无芒雀麦(Bromusinermis)、冰草(Agropyroncristataum)、老芒麦(Elymussibiricus)和麦草(Elymustangutotum)是大部分草原的建群种。本文运用室外试验田材料采集和室内实验测定相结合的手段分别为这4种禾木科牧草的蒸腾强度、光合作用、叶绿素含量等生理特性进行研究,结果表明,禾本科牧草一日内蒸腾强度最高值出现于12:00-14:30,到下午4:00有一小回升;光合强度以开始繁殖期为最强。四种牧草中生产潜力最高的是老芒麦。在内蒙古草原上,水分是非常重要的要素,测定表明,空气相对湿度与老芒麦的叶子含水量呈正相关,相关系数达0.993。 相似文献
564.
化学沉淀法去除水中氨氮的试验研究 总被引:17,自引:0,他引:17
研究进行了用Mg2 + 、Mn2 + 分别与PO4 3- 作用去除NH4 + N的试验研究 ,探讨其化学反应机理 ,确定了最佳投药比、反应pH和Mg2 + 、Mn2 + 的协同效应 ,并对广州李坑垃圾填埋场渗滤液中NH4 + N进行了处理 ,其中最大NH4 + N去除率达 96 .1 %。 相似文献
565.
在进行滇池宝象河流域入湖污染负荷总量核算时,涉及流域的水量平衡计算,地表径流和地下径流是两个重要的环节,两者联系密切,并且在水循环过程中相互转化。不是所有的降水都能补给地下水,进而产生地表径流,只有当降雨量大于某一临界值时,才有可能产生地表径流。全流域地表径流产生与降雨关系的试验研究,有助于分析当地气象因素以及降雨时段之初的包气带含水率和地下水埋藏深度,为污染负荷总量核算提供叁者和借器. 相似文献
566.
567.
568.
地下储罐爆炸事故源强估算 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
从能量释放的角度出发,以爆炸理论为基础,利用爆破技术中已得出的结论,着重研究地下储罐爆炸事故源强的估算方法。确定各种伤害效应的安全距离,为预防事故和安全评价提供理论依据。 相似文献
569.
Airborne particulate matter (PM) concentrations were measured in Iksan, a suburban area in South Korea during April, 2003.
PM2.5 (particles with an aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5 μm) and PM10 (particles with an aerodynamic diameter less than 10 μm) samples were collected, and the chemical characteristics of particles
were examined for diurnal patterns, yellow dust/rainfall influences, and scavenging effects. Average concentrations of PM2.5 and PM10 mass measured were 37.3 ± 16.2 μg m−3 and 60.8 ± 29.5 μg m−3, respectively. The sum of ionic chemical species concentrations for PM2.5 and PM10 was 16.9 ± 7.3 and 23.1 ± 10.1 μg/m3, respectively. A significant reduction in PM mass concentrations during rainfall days was observed for coarse mode (PM2.5 − 10) particles, but less reduction was found for fine (PM2.5) mass concentration. SO4
2−, NH4
+, and K+ predominated in fine particulate mode, NO3
− and Cl− predominated in fine particle mode and coarse particle mode, but Na+, Mg2+, and Ca2+ mostly existed in coarse mode. The high concentration of ammonium due to local emissions and long-range transport neutralized
sulfate and nitrate to ammonium sulfate and ammonium nitrate, which were major forms of airborne PM in Iksan. Average mass
concentrations of PM10 in daytime and at night were 57.6 and 70.0 μg m−3, and those of PM2.5 were 35.4 and 42.5 μg m−3, respectively. NO3
− and Cl− in both PM2.5 and PM10 were about double at night than in the daytime, while the rest of the chemical species were equal or a little higher at night
than in the daytime. The results suggest the formation of ammonium nitrate and chloride when high ammonia concentration and
low air temperature are allowed. Backward air trajectory analyses showed that air masses arriving at the site during yellow
dust period were transported from arid Chinese regions, which resulted in high concentrations of airborne PM mass concentrations.
In the meantime, air mass trajectories during a rainfall period were mostly from the Pacific Ocean or the East China Sea,
along with a relatively low PM concentration. 相似文献
570.