An International Comparative Analysis on China's Economic Growth and the Convergence in Energy Intensity Gap and Its Economic Mechanism

In this paper,the authors have empirically analyzed the convergence in per capita GDP gap and the convergence in the variation of energy intensity with respect to the change of per capita GDP between China and eight developed countries.Then,the authors run a regression on the impact of decisive factors of economic growth on energy intensity and its change,so as to find out the economic mechanism of energy intensity gap changing with respect to the variation of economic growth.This study concludes that:First,there is a convergence in per capita GDP gap between China and the eight developed countries.With the convergence in per capita GDP gap,the energy intensity gap between China and eight different countries also converge,and the convergence rate of the latter is faster than that of the former,i.e.if the per capita GDP gap between China and the eight developed countries decreases by 1%,the energy intensity gap between them will correspondingly decrease by 1.552%.Second,the energy intensity decreases with the improvement of industrial structure,the rising of energy prices,the advances of technology,and the expansion of investment in fixed assets,and it slightly increases with the increase of FDI.Third,the energy intensity gap between China and eight developed countries narrows with the lessening of the difference in fixed assets investment,energy prices,and technological progress between China and eight developed countries,yet increases with the narrowing of the difference in FDI,and has no significant correlation with the difference in industrial structure.Fourth,the narrowing of difference in per capita GDP between China and the eight developed countries can result in the lessening of energy intensity gap,whose economic mechanism is that the decisive factors,such as difference in investment,technology,and the competition mechanism of prices,which can determine the difference in economic growth,can significantly affect the energy intensity gap.     

长江上游月降水人工神经网络预测模型

长江上游月降水量预测对于三峡库区及整个长江流域水资源管理具有重要意义。根据长江上游不同气候区降水差异,选取玉树、九龙和宜宾3个代表性气象站点近60 a的月降水量数据,运用反向传播神经网络、径向基函数神经网络、广义回归神经网络和多元线性回归法,确定降水时滞和降水月份,建立月降水预测模型,来预测未来一个月的降水量,并采用均方误差和判定系数来验证和对比各种模型的模拟效果。结果显示：人工神经网络模型总体上优于多元线性回归,特别是反向传播神经网络的模拟结果各站表现较好,在确定合理的输入变量和网络结构后,可以尝试作为长江上游各站月降水预测模型。〖     

江苏省13城市1996～2008年碳排放时空变异分析

运用秩相关系数、变差系数、曲线拟合等方法,以市域为基本单元,以人均碳排放量、碳排放强度、脱钩指数等为指标,对江苏省1996～2008年的碳排放时空变异特征进行分析,研究得出：(1)近13 a来,江苏省碳排放量不断增加,年均增长率高达13%,2008年已达20 000万t;经济较发达城市人均碳排放量较大,但碳排放强度相对不大;经济落后城市人均碳排放量小,但碳排放强度增加较快。(2)江苏省13城市人均碳排放、碳排放强度差异在不断缩小。(3)从人均碳排放看,江苏省及各市人均碳排放都随人均GDP呈线性增加关系,而南京、苏州、扬州、徐州作为各个区域发展较好的中心城市,人均碳排放随人均GDP增加最快。(4)从碳排放强度看,江苏省碳排放强度与人均GDP呈倒U型曲线关系,其拐点在人均GDP 25万元左右;但是各个城市碳排放强度与人均GDP呈波浪型曲线关系。(5)从脱钩指数看,脱钩水平受经济政策、产业结构、清洁技术水平的影响较大     

波长与辐射强度对活性艳蓝KN -R光催化降解的影响

以TiO2为光催化剂,分别测定了365 nm和254 nm两种紫外光源波长及辐射强度对活性艳蓝KN-R模拟废水处理效果的影响.实验结果表明:在波长365 nm紫外光源照射2h后,活性艳蓝KN-R降解率达69.1％,活性艳蓝KN-R的降解可用二级反应速率方程拟合;在波长254nm紫外光源照射1h后,活性艳蓝KN-R降解率...     

河西走廊星火产业带城市生态经济联系强度测算

随着社会经济发展和市场化、全球化的推进,城市在区域发展中的地位和作用日益加强,区域内部与区域之间生态经济联系更加密切与复杂。基于改进的万有引力模型,将城市生态系统服务价值引入区域生态经济联系系统,测算了河西走廊星火产业带城市间生态经济联系强度及隶属度。结果表明,产业带城市生态经济联系强度整体偏低,两极分化显著。     

云南普洱6.4级地震震害分析

2007年6月3日云南普洱发生6.4级地震,震源深度仅5km。地震对当地各类建筑物和构筑物造成不同程度的破坏。本文根据此次地震现场调研,介绍了地震烈度分布与震区破坏等级划分,归纳了土木、砖木、砖混、框架结构房屋等建筑结构的震害情况,同时对供排水、交通、电力、通讯系统及水利工程等基础设施的破坏状况加以概括,并对各类结构的破坏原因进行了分类分析。总结了此次地震的震害特点,提出了未来村镇防震减灾工作的若干建议。     

One-dimensional model for biogeochemical interactions and permeability reduction in soils during leachate permeation

This paper uses the findings from a column study to develop a reactive model for exploring the interactions occurring in leachate-contaminated soils. The changes occurring in the concentrations of acetic acid, sulphate, suspended and attached biomass, Fe(II), Mn(II), calcium, carbonate ions, and pH in the column are assessed. The mathematical model considers geochemical equilibrium, kinetic biodegradation, precipitation-dissolution reactions, bacterial and substrate transport, and permeability reduction arising from bacterial growth and gas production. A two-step sequential operator splitting method is used to solve the coupled transport and biogeochemical reaction equations. The model gives satisfactory fits to experimental data and the simulations show that the transport of metals in soil is controlled by multiple competing biotic and abiotic reactions. These findings suggest that bioaccumulation and gas formation, compared to chemical precipitation, have a larger influence on hydraulic conductivity reduction.     

室内环境嗜松青霉的MVOCs释放特征及影响因素

以嗜松青霉为例,用顶空-固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱联用仪(HS-SPME-GC-MS)采集分析其代谢挥发性有机物(MVOCs),考察了生长时间、温度、光照、氧含量(通气流量)对MVOCs释放特征的作用,探讨了其对室内VOCs的源贡献.结果表明,共发现6类14种MVOCs,包括浓度较高的乙醇、丙酮、乙酸、乙酸乙酯、异戊醇、苯甲醚,浓度较低的异丁醇、2-甲基丁醇、糠醇、甲苯、间二甲苯、1-辛烯-3-醇、3-辛醇和柠檬烯.氧含量和生长时间对MVOCs影响最明显,氧含量主要影响乙醇和丙酮的竞争代谢,乙酸、乙酸乙酯也在缺氧时产量更多;嗜松青霉在不同的生长阶段的代谢产物种类和产量均不同,总MVOCs量在接种第4～6d达到最大值,除乙酸、柠檬烯外,其他物质均受生长时间的影响;在25℃时能产生最多的MVOCs量,在35℃时产生的MVOCs最少,不同温度下各MVOCs组分也不同;光照对嗜松青霉的MVOCs代谢影响不明显.在有氧有光的3种实验温度下,总MVOCs排放强度在5031～7650ng/(m²·d)之间,各物质室内浓度贡献区间为0.0256～444.0380ng/m^...     

成渝城市群紧凑度与碳排放强度时空演变及协调发展

研究成渝城市群紧凑度与碳排放强度的时空演变及协调发展水平,对于实现社会绿色低碳高质量发展至关重要.运用综合评价、碳排放恒等式、耦合协调度和地理探测器等方法对2010~2020年成渝城市群紧凑度与碳排放强度的时空分异、协调发展和驱动因素进行分析.结果表明:①成渝城市群紧凑度持续上升,从2010年的0.18升至2020年的0.22,总体增长22.22 %,其中经济紧凑度的贡献率逐年增强.各城市紧凑度区域差异显著,高值区集中在城市群西北部的成都、德阳和绵阳以及西南部的自贡、内江和泸州,低值区分布在中部,雅安是城市群内紧凑度最低的地区.②成渝城市群碳排放强度逐年降低,在研究期内下降幅度达39.57 %,城市群南部的碳排放强度整体高于其他区域,成都和重庆两市常年为低值区,碳排放强度的区域差异在逐渐缩小.③城市紧凑度与碳排放强度的耦合度从拮抗阶段转为磨合阶段,耦合协调度从2010年的0.21升至2020年的0.69,两系统逐渐走向良性协调发展.城市群西北部（成都、德阳和绵阳）与川南两市（自贡和泸州）的耦合协调度整体较高.产业结构、科技创新、城镇化水平、政府干预和环境宜居对两系统的耦合协调度都具有显著影响.④优化产业结构、强化科技支撑、提升城镇化发展质量、实施积极的政策引导和建设绿色屏障是促进成渝城市群紧凑度与低碳度协调发展的有效途径.     

基于雨量(强)条件的泥石流预测预报研究现状、问题与建议

在对基于雨量(强)条件泥石流预测预报现状综合分析的基础上,提出了目前降雨型泥石流预测预报中存在的问题:①前期降雨对泥石流发生的贡献问题;②前期降雨对泥石流影响的衰减问题;③前期有效降雨天数的确定问题;④前期降雨和短历时降雨的权重衡量问题;⑤基于前期有效雨量的泥石流预测预报模式的确定问题。提出了降雨型泥石流预测预报程式框架和相关建议:①基于雨量(强)条件的泥石流预测预报应同机理研究密切结合;②单沟泥石流临界雨量条件和预测预报应同泥石流类型密切结合;③区域泥石流临界雨量条件和预测预报应同环境地质背景密切结合。