张道口-1井水位观测精度变化分析研究

本文对张道口-1井模拟水位、数字化水位观测精度进行了对比，进一步分析了影响数字化水位观测精度的几个因素，提出了数字化水位在日常观测中应注意的几个问题。     

农业清洁生产审核的初探

农业生产本身对自然环境的污染以及对人体健康的危害不亚于工业,所以需要清洁的生产模式,对污染的产生进行全过程控制.清洁生产这一概念在工业领域的使用越发成熟,但是在农业领域的使用却甚少.通过论述农业清洁生产以及农业清洁生产审核的内涵,结合实例介绍如何从农业输入、生产系统、农业输出三个环节进行农业清洁生产审核,最终通过实施清洁生产方案实现农业经济效益、环境效益、社会效益的统一.     

合理利用农业资源，发展高产优质高效农业

根据我国农业资源特征，农业发展状况和市场需求。在分析发展高产优质高效农业的必要性和可能性的基础上，提出合理利用农业资源，发展高产优质高效农业的基本途径和主要对策。     

保护农业生态环境促进可持续发展

农业生态环境是农业综合生产力的重要基础，后者的主要内容和结构对前者有具大的制约作用。在农业生态环境继续恶化的形势下，必须确立农业生态保护战略，切实加强农业生态环境的建设和管理，才能提高农业综合生产力水平，促进经济的可持续发展。     

我国农业水旱灾害的时间分布及重灾年景趋势预测

分析了我国 1970～ 1999年农业水旱灾害的时间分布特征。分析结果表明 :在研究时段内 ,我国农业自然灾害总体上呈增长态势。该时段可划分为两个明显的阶段 :80年代中期以前 ,总灾、水灾及旱灾对农业生产的危害较轻 ;80年代中期之后 ,呈现出影响范围广、损失增大的趋势 ,重灾年份明显增加。旱灾和水灾是威胁我国农业生产最为严重的自然灾害 ,尤以旱灾为甚。我国农业遭受旱灾威胁的范围多年基本不变 ,而旱灾受灾率波动明显 ,成灾率逐年增长 ,这与近几年农田水利设施建设缓慢、灌溉能力降低有关 ;水灾受灾率和成灾率具有特别显著的同步特点 ,表明水灾致灾能力强 ,一旦发生 ,极易成灾 ,水灾危害加剧与防洪、抗洪能力低下及生态环境恶化有关。各灾种的受灾率和成灾率呈正相关关系 ,表明我国农业生产系统的抗灾能力总体上较弱。　　本文还用灰色系统理论的建模方法 ,建立了农业总受灾率 -总成灾率、水灾受灾率 -成灾率、旱灾受灾率 -成灾率的重灾年景灰色灾变GM(1,1)预测模型 ,对未来 10年我国农业灾害趋势进行了预测分析。灰色预测结果表明 ,2 0 10年之前 ,除 2 0 0 3,2 0 0 6年水旱灾害危害较小外 ,其它年份均为灾情严重年份 ,其受灾率和成灾率均高于近 30年的平均水平。其中 ,2 0 0 4 ,2 0 0 7年将为水灾重     

Indicators of sustainability as a tool in agricultural development: partitioning scientific and participatory processes

SUMMARY

Sustainable indicators have become popular tools by which policymakers can assess progress towards a more sustainable agriculture. Varying approaches to defining sustainability lead to disagreement about the value of indicators and yet some form of measurement is required so that society can judge the effects of policy. Environmental and social problems and their causes span national boundaries. An international framework for assessing agricultural activities, their effects and the pressures that drive those activities is therefore required. However, a guiding principle of the UN Agenda for Sustainable Development is that global problems require local action. Thus, indicators must provide information for policymakers as well as guidance for farmers and other practitioners. Many indicator programmes currently proposed do not provide this level of guidance as no evaluation as to what level of activity is sustainable has been agreed. A model is presented, to show how scientific and political or participatory approaches may be combined to meet the multiple objectives of involving people, maintaining scientific integrity and providing guidance for policymakers and practitioners alike.     

生态环境保护与农业可持续发展研究

针对生态环境保护与农业可持续发展问题,探讨了生态环境对农业可持续发展的影响,包括陕西省农业资源的现状、陕西省农业生态环境恶化、生态系统功能遭到破坏和由于生态环境恶化使自然灾害发生,探讨了保护生态环境与促进农业可持续发展,内容包括要积极保护生态环境促进农业可持续发展、要积极保护农业资源促进农业可持续发展、要积极发展现代农业科技促进农业可持续发展和要积极宣传生态环境保护促进农业可持续发展.     

基于区域产量法测算的福建省农业生态足迹

为了使生态足迹模型能更好地反映区域实际,文章对生态足迹模型中的计算项目做了较大改进。首次计算了肉类的耕地生态足迹和人畜排泄物污染生态足迹。新建了纳污土地、CO2吸收林地、水资源地三种生态足迹类型以强调农业污染的严重性和土地、林地的多重生态功能;将化石能源地并入CO2吸收林地;剔除牧草地类型,将肉类耗粮生态足迹并入耕地类型;将污染源从化石燃料扩展到人畜排泄物、化肥、农药领域,计算了CO2、N、P和农药等污染物的生态足迹。用福建省最近5 a的平均产量测算了2007年福建农业生态足迹,包括农业投入品生态足迹、农业劳动力消费生态足迹和农业污染物排放生态足迹三部分,然后与生态承载力分类比较以测度农业生产的生态占用情况。测算结果表明,2007年福建省农业生态足迹中,林地、水域、建成地、纳污土地占有实际生态承载力的比例较低,分别为1.4%、1.2%、13.4%和24.6%;而耕地占生态承载力的比例达到了94.2%;水资源地是实际生态承载力的2.2倍,出现了严重的生态赤字。最后提出相应的建议。     

Critical engagement,activist/academic subjectivities and organic agri-food research in Uganda

This paper provides a reflexive account of engagement in activist/academic organic agri-food research in Uganda. I argue that critical engagement across the third space – between and across activist and academic subjectivities – enables a re-thinking of the subjectivities of activist/academics and research participants and the place of research in social change and theory building. I demonstrate some of the multiple ways of enacting activism within the academy by reflecting on my critical engagement with the Katuulo Organic Pineapple Cooperative in Uganda, whose members grow certified organic pineapples for sale on the international market. While there is a growing interest in critical activist research, its agenda is also constrained by the corporatist turn in universities. As such, the subjectivities, methods and theory building of activist/academics in agri-food (and other) research represents part of the resistance to normalised ways of doing and being in contemporary neo-liberal universities.