Design-based ranked set sampling using auxiliary variables

A ranked set sampling protocol is proposed when an auxiliary variable is available in addition to the target variable in sample surveys. The protocol may be practically carried out without additional sampling effort or costs. Under the suggested sampling scheme, the estimators usually adopted in surveys with auxiliary information - such as the ratio estimator or the regression estimator - display surprising theoretical properties as well as high performance in practice.     

直齿圆柱齿轮冷精锻模具齿形设计

对两步成形直齿圆柱齿轮冷精锻工艺模具齿形设计方法进行了研究,分别采用修正模数法和变位法对终锻模具和预锻模具的齿形进行了设计。提出的模具齿形设计方法可靠、易行,不仅可用于冷精锻齿轮模具的齿形设计,对齿轮的热温成形模具齿形设计也同样适用。     

端盖精密成形的有限元模拟

采用有限元 (FEM)的方法对分流法精密成形端盖进行了计算机模拟 ,对坯料成形载荷 行程曲线、应力、模具的弹性变形等参量进行分析得出 :分流法是一个降低变形抗力和模具弹性变形 ,适于精密成形的有效的方法     

等重下料技术及其工程化应用

简要介绍了应用于大直径棒料下料的等重下料技术 ,该项技术系现代光电传感技术及计算机控制技术在传统技术领域的应用。在弹体毛坯生产线上 ,首次实现了实时、快速、准确的全自动在线下料检测和控制 ,取代了原有人工下料过程。该项技术在其它制造加工领域也具有广阔的应用前景 ,对提高劳动生产率 ,节约原材料具有重要的经济意义。     

基于变精度相容粗糙集的作战装备消耗预测研究

目的提升预测精度,提高作战装备保障部队的保障能力和保障水平,从而获得更高的军事经济效益。方法通过将变精度粗糙集和相容粗糙集相结合,研究实际保证任务的特点,以飞机装备为例,深入分析航空兵部队在不同环境、不同地区、不同战损等条件下执行任务所消耗的作战装备数量,减少不同因素之间的相互影响所产生的数据噪声。结果当在高原、沙漠地区执行战时装备保障任务时,该项作战装备消耗量大;在沿海地区执行战时装备保障任务时,该项作战装备消耗量小;在平原地区执行战时装备保障任务时,该项装备消耗量小甚至无消耗;在平原地区执行战时装备保障任务时,该项装备为高消耗。结论此方法有利于加强对战时装备预测的精准度,大大节省了装备的物流成本。     

环境实验室分析数据质量控制技术

文章所论述的实验室分析数据的质量控制措施主要是通过对分析方法“适用性”的验证、质控考核以及± 2S单值连续控制图相结合的方法进行的。该方法可提高测试数据的精度和稳定性 ,也可提供全过程监测数据的误差范围。既适用于小批量单一水质指标的测试分析 ,也适用于大批量且水质浓度变化幅度较大的情况。避免了因环境因素变化而采用其它控制图带来的不便和困难。使用该质控技术可获得准确、稳定的分析数据     

Identifying extremely large values using composite sample data

Quantifying a composite sample results in a loss of information on the values of the constituent individual samples. As a consequence of this information loss, it is impossible to identify individual samples having large values, based on composite sample measurements alone. However, under certain circumstances, it is possible to identify individual samples having large values without exhaustively measuring all individual samples. In addition to composite sample measurements, a few additional measurements on carefully selected individual samples are sufficient to identify the individual samples having large values. In this paper, we present a statistical method to recover extremely large individual sample values using composite sample measurements. An application to site characterization is used to illustrate the method.The paper has been prepared with partial support from the United States Environmental Protection Agency Number CR815273. The contents have not been subject to Agency review and therefore do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the Agency and no official endorsement should be inferred.     

On ranked set sampling for multiple characteristics

We consider the selection of samples in ranked set sampling when several attributes of each sample are of interest. We describe approaches that have appeared previously in the literature and present a novel method that seeks to achieve samples that are nearly balanced with respect to the ranks of all attributes. This method is shown to result in very little loss of precision compared to problems in which only a single sample attribute is of interest.     

CODcr 5分钟快速测定法与国家标准方法对比试验

国家标准方法中重铬酸钾法测定化学需氧量,准确度高,但操作时间长,试剂使用量大,耗电耗水.采用5分钟快速测定法后能大大缩短测定时间,同时能耗低.通过对比试验表明,5分钟快速测定法具有较好的抗氯性,精密度及准确度均能达到要求,且具有成本低特点,证明了方法的可行性,特别适于污水处理厂等需频繁监测点的快速测试.     

Comparison of data from two vegetation monitoring methods in semi-natural grasslands

Two vegetation-monitoring methods were compared: subplot frequency analysis (SF) and visual estimation of percentage cover (VE). Two independent observers collected data from two semi-natural, species-rich grasslands on three different occasions during the growth-season. During the last data collection period, survey times were also recorded. The two different data sets from the two methods were compared using partial Redundancy Analyses. The purpose of the comparison was to identify the method that explains most of the relevant variation in biodiversity-monitoring (inter-and intra-site variation), and the variation irrelevant when evaluating data (systematic inter-observer variation and variation due to phenological changes). Compared with VE data, more variation in SF data could be explained by spatial variables, while less variation depended on the observer and time of year surveyed. SF also found more species per plot but took on average five times longer to complete than VE. In conclusion, the different methods are suitable for different purposes: SF is more suitable for purposes demanding high accuracy and high precision, such as long-term biodiversity-monitoring when the identification of small changes has high priority, while VE might be more suitable for a one-time mapping of a large area.