带轮毂直齿圆柱齿轮精锻的变形分析

此文对空心坯料精锻带轮毂直齿圆柱齿轮工艺进行了模拟实验,并以座标网格法着重对精锻终了阶段进行了变形分析,获得了金属流动规律,提出了对制订精锻工艺有参数价值的结论。     

测定化学需氧量的新型分光光度法

研究了一种测定化学需氧量(COD Mn)的新型分光光度法。试验结果表明,该法简便快速、准确,精密度高,并且通过与国标法测定结果对比后确定该方法可用于自来水、饮用水等多种水体中COD Mn的测定。     

An approach to uncertainty estimation in determining polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in fuel-contaminated soils

An estimation of uncertainty contribution in the entire set of the analytical data of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in soil during a full year is presented. The analyses were performed as part of a project devoted to the assessment of the natural attenuation of selected PAHs in agricultural soil contaminated by a fuel spill. In particular, we investigated the effect of natural attenuation on the PAH dissipation rate in plots of two types of scenarios in agricultural soils. One of them was previously affected by an accidental fuel spill 10 years ago, and the other one was non-affected. The major components for estimating uncertainty contributions have been evaluated based on intermediate precision from different levels of PAH mass fraction, sample locations, and long term data set. An analysis of variance (ANOVA) test was applied to the mass fractions of clean or blank soil sub-samples versus contaminated soil sub-samples for grouping comparable data. Variables of influence in this study were site, month, and lysimeter of sampling (referring to a stainless steel box, with side lengths of 50 cm). Study sites or the spatial arrangement of lysimeter showed a clear effect in sub-sample results with the lowest mass fraction levels for heavier PAH, while monthly sampling was the variable of most significant influence for the more strongly contaminated sub-sample results.

Finally, the results of the PAH mass fractions in contaminated soil sub-samples indicated a monthly variation for which lighter, volatile PAHs rapidly decreased while the less volatile did not change.     

非稳定流巷道火灾试验系统的研制

介绍了巷道火灾试验系统的构成,测定燃烧区膨胀热阻时测点位置的确定方法,火灾时期烟气温度、壁温及岩体温度、烟流中CO2及O2体积分数、沿程压力和风速等的测试方法及测试仪表精度,系统抗干扰方法,数据采集和处理软件的功能以及测试系统的调试方法.系统采用无补偿导线经济地解决了巷道燃烧区测温热电偶冷端温度补偿的方法,使测温系统误差由过去的10%左右下降到3%.     

DISTRIBUTED RUNOFF FORMULATION DESIGNED FOR A PRECISION AGRICULTURAL LANDSCAPE MODELING SYSTEM1

A precision scale landscape model designed for agricultural applications is described in this paper. The Precision Agricultural Landscape Modeling System (PALMS) is a combination of two process‐based models: a diffusive wave runoff model with ponding (described in detail) and a biosphere model with a crops module (briefly reviewed). Several innovations, including numerical formulations for the hydrologic properties of the soil surface with crusting, slope/tillage angle interactions, and change of roughness and detention storage with cumulative precipitation have been included. The model is compared to observations on one 1.8 ha field planted with maize and soybeans during four growing seasons, and one 24 ha field planted with maize during one growing season. Daily average soil moisture is simulated well (within 5 percent volumetric), except in extended runoff/ponding episodes. Physical processes not simulated in the model suggest possible explanations for model errors. Planned improvements for PALMS are also presented.     

用通用有限元程序分析精密设备基础沉降的方法

采用弹性有限元方法计算了设备对地基的附加应力 ,根据土力试验数据验算了地基的沉降 ,完成了要用专门的土力学程序分析计算的工作 ,得到满意的结果。本文的工作对于精确分析基础沉降有借鉴作用。     

ESTIMATES OF MEAN CHLOROPHYLL-a CONCENTRATION: PRECISION,ACCURACY, AND SAMPLING DESIGN1

ABSTRACT: Data from 56 north-temperate lakes and reservoirs are used to develop models predicting temporal variance as a function of the mean chlorophyll-a concentration. Trophy, as estimated by mean chlorophyll-a concentration, is shown to have little effect on the sampling effort required to achieve a pre-determined level of precision for lakes sampled year-round. Collecting ten observations results in a coefficient of variation that averaged 20 percent; collecting more than ten observations yields increasingly marginal improvements in precision. The same guidelines apply to mesotrophic or eutrophic lakes sampled in the summer, whereas oligotrophic lakes sampled in the summer require fewer observations to achieve the same level of precision. The bias resulting from collecting too few observations is minimized if five or more observations are collected.     

传热子模型对火灾网络模型的求解精度与速度的影响研究

分析半无限大物体的传热过程,提出线性化的传热计算方法并编制了计算子程序,将子程序嵌入传热子模型为有限厚墙体的《高层建筑火灾烟流运动特性预测软件》,利用实例分析比较了两种传热计算方法对火灾网络模型求解精度和求解速度的影响。计算结果表明对3个节点的简单建筑,半无限大传热子模型与有限厚模型的室温计算最大偏差不超过5%,而计算机耗时约减少了1/3。该研究的结论对《高层建筑火灾烟流运动特性预测软件》的进一步完善和成熟及其市场化具有重要的推动作用。     

影响水体中营养盐分析测定准确性因素探讨

对影响水体中营养盐分析测定准确性的各因素进行了详细深入地探讨和分析,并通过实验室验证实验对盐效应影响营养盐分析测定准确性方面进行了首次界定,明确地给出了盐度变化是否会对硝酸盐分析测定产生影响以及其影响程度,并首次最终界定盐度范围。将实验结果应用到实际监测工作中,取得了良好的预期效果,为国家海洋局节能减排专项的顺利实施作出了直接贡献。     

水污染预警溯源技术应用案例研究

以南方某工业园区为例,研究了水污染预警溯源技术在园区企业污水排放精准监管中的应用。该技术提出污染源“水质指纹”概念,即每种污染源都有其唯一对应的水质指纹,以此进行污染排放源的识别。利用该技术监管企业排污,能准确监测到水质异常并发出预警,快速定位到嫌疑排污企业,从而可从源头解决污染问题,有效提升水环境监管工作效率。利用水质指纹识别技术,不仅可以识别企业超标排放和暗管偷排,而且可以进行污染路径溯源。案例研究表明,这项技术在水污染监管中发挥了重要作用。