用"3S"技术在低湿地区域提取高精度水灾信息--若干问题讨论

低湿地区域因其经济发达,财富密度大,故对于水灾损失评估,水灾信息的高精度提取显得尤为重要.作为水灾信息表征的两个重要方面:淹没范围和水深,是我们研究的重点.首先,论述了研究低湿地区域水灾的重要性;提出了研究应用“3S“技术提取高精度水灾信息的必要性,然后,综述了“3S“技术在水灾信息提取中的研究进展,指出了目前研究存在的问题;最后,阐明了今后在低湿地水灾信息高精度提取中应优先开展的研究课题.     

A Comparison of Protocols and Observer Precision for Measuring Physical Stream Attributes1

Abstract: Stream monitoring programs commonly measure physical attributes to assess the effect of land management on stream habitat. Variability associated with the measurement of these attributes has been linked to a number of factors, but few studies have evaluated variability due to differences in protocols. We compared six protocols, five used by the U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service and one by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, on six streams in Oregon and Idaho to determine whether differences in protocol affect values for 10 physical stream attributes. Results from Oregon and Idaho were combined for groups participating in both states, with significant differences in attribute means for 9 out of the 10 stream attributes. Significant differences occurred in 5 of 10 in Idaho, and 10 of 10 in Oregon. Coefficients of variation, signal‐to‐noise ratio, and root mean square error were used to evaluate measurement precision. There were differences among protocols for all attributes when states were analyzed separately and as a combined dataset. Measurement differences were influenced by choice of instruments, measurement method, measurement location, attribute definitions, and training approach. Comparison of data gathered by observers using different protocols will be difficult unless a core set of protocols for commonly measured stream attributes can be standardized among monitoring programs.     

BY630型摆动辗压机的PLC控制技术及其程序特点

阐述应用可编程控制器控制BY630型摆动辗压机的控制方式、处理以及控制程序特点。     

应力状态参数对反光镜成形质量的影响

探讨了不同应力状态参数对反光镜抛物面质量的影响,并指出消除不良影响的措施。     

氯化亚锡还原光度法测定总磷的改进

用氯化亚锡还原光度法测定总磷时, 实验条件要求比较苛刻。克拉玛依市环境科研中心监测站对延长SnCl2、KH2PO4试剂的使用保存期、提高显色的稳定度、降低空白值的方法做了大量试验。试验表明:SnCl2-40%丙三醇溶液、KH2PO4使用液均有很好的稳定性,使用期达到2个月;钼酸铵溶液中,加入酒石酸锑钾钼蓝显色有良好的稳定性。用本方法和标准方法测定水样的结果无显著差异,其准确度与精密度均能达到要求。     

基于Delphi的热锻工艺数据库管理

简要介绍了基于 Delphi的热锻工艺数据库建立 ,并对如何使用 Delphi进行热锻工艺数据库管理作了详细介绍。     

定性物理模拟FM上下V拔长圆柱体

采用定性物理模拟的方法对FM上下V锻造法锻件心部的应力状态进行了实验分析,得出了当上砧宽比W/D_0=0.34时,锻件心部处于三向压应力的结果。实验结果与定量物理模拟相吻合。     

摆辗力矩计算理论

系统地论述了根据变形工件施加在模具上的切向力、正压力及摆辗能耗等理论所导出的多种摆辗力矩计算公式;又据移动体积作功的原理推导出简单实用的摆辗力矩计算公式,用这个公式做了实例计算,实验验证了用该公式理论计算的正确性。     

镶块锻模的可塑性设计

简要地介绍了镶块锻模结构特点和可塑性优化设计的难点,着重介绍扩大其使用性能可塑性设计方法的要点.     

晃动平台下ADCP测流误差分析与校正

测量不稳定流和受潮汐影响的流量一直是水文工作者所面临的难题。对于工作在海水中的走航式ADCP(声学多普勒流速剖面仪),在测量流速时,受风浪影响,往往引起测量平台的晃动,通过外接光纤陀螺,对平台的姿态进行修正,从而提高ADCP的测量精度。针对典型四波束ADCP建立了在考虑到平台晃动情况下的误差修正模型,仿真结果表明该方法可明显提高测流精度。