基于JACK的机务人员工作负荷评估

为了客观评估机务人员的工作负荷,选取作业能耗和姿态负荷作为评估机务人员工作负荷的指标。分解A320飞机主轮拆卸的维修任务,确定维修动作参数和姿态参数,使用JACK软件中的新陈代谢模块计算作业能耗,使用JACK软件中的RULA模块计算机务人员的姿态负荷,结果验证了该方法的可行性。相对于传统的评估工作负荷的方法,基于JACK仿真的方法具有省时高效的特点。     

喷漆房循环水处理系统维护与管理

介绍了汽车涂装过程喷漆房典型的循环水处理系统,比较各种不同的油漆凝聚产品特性,总结了油漆凝聚产品的使用特点,也对循环水系统的维护,循环水的监测与管理过程中的细节等进行了阐述。在维护和管理过程中,首先需要选择合适的油漆凝聚产品,其次需要根据具体的情况正确地使用油漆凝聚产品,特别是要注意根据漆渣和循环水状态进行相应调整,及时完成喷漆房和循环系统的维护和清理工作。这样才能保证水的循环使用,实现喷房系统的正常运行。     

炼油厂设备检修期间污水处理装置运行探讨

针对炼油厂大检修期间污水处理装置正常运行的主要经验进行总结,可为同类装置设备提供参考。     

A sustainability approach for selecting maintenance strategy

Appropriate maintenance can prolong the life of an asset and prevent costly breakdowns that may result in lost production, failed shipping schedules and a decline in customer satisfaction. The goal of this study was to present a comprehensive framework that utilises sustainability metrics based on social, environmental and economic criteria to select an appropriate maintenance strategy among a variety of maintenance strategy alternatives, such as preventive, failure-based, reliability-centred, condition-based and total productive maintenance strategies, for a manufacturing company. The sustainability-based approach may significantly influence the personnel, energy, material and the overall costs in a company. In the first step of this paper, a sustainability-based decision-making structure is proposed for the maintenance strategy selection problem applying the concept of factor analysis to determine the leading factors in each of the sustainability pillars. In the next step, a fuzzy VIKOR framework is used to select the most appropriate maintenance strategy. The provided approach is illustrated using a manufacturing industry case study.     

典型生物滞留设施重金属累积分布特征与风险评价

采集了停车场、道路旁、居民区及产业园区4种不同用地类型的生物滞留设施的0～10 cm表层土壤,分析了8种重金属污染物（As、 Hg、 Cd、 Cr、 Pb、 Cu、 Ni和Zn）的累积含量,并对重金属累积的影响因素、污染水平、潜在生态风险和人体健康风险进行了分析和评估.结果表明,8种重金属污染物的累积含量存在较大的差异,ω（As）、ω（Hg）、ω（Cd）、ω（Cr）、ω（Pb）、ω（Cu）、ω（Ni）和ω（Zn）的平均值分别为8.92、 0.25、 0.10、 31.56、 14.81、 21.27、 23.69和62.75 mg·kg^-1, As和Hg的含量平均值分别达到了土壤背景值的1.26和5.21倍;相关性分析表明,8种重金属含量均与土壤有机质含量呈现较强正相关,除Hg之外均与土壤pH值呈现正相关,除As外与磷含量呈现正相关.内梅罗综合指数以及潜在生态风险指数的分析结果表明,除Hg之外的其他7种重金属的污染水平及生态风险较低,受Hg污染的影响,生物滞留设施重金属综合污染水平以及生态风险较高,Hg对土壤环境存在一定的潜在威胁.4类设施重金属非致癌风险在可接受...     

LQZ型气力输送系统在电厂除灰中的应用

介绍了气力输送系统在电厂660MW机组除灰中的应用,并对飞灰特性,以及除灰系统设计、关键技术运用、运行情况、设备维护和故障处理等问题进行了分析论述。     

航空维修差错模式及差错成因的灰色关联分析

提出一种基于HFACS-ME框架和灰色关联分析法的航空维修差错模式和差错成因之间关系的分析方法。利用该方法分别从"模式—成因"和"成因—模式"2个方向,以"技能差错"和"身体状态差"为例,对差错模式和差错成因之间的关系进行分析,得到影响"技能差错"的主要差错成因依次为空间狭窄、培训不足、工具损坏、身体状态差、精神状态差、空间阻碍,以及"身体状态差"主要影响的差错模式为记忆差错、决策差错、技能差错。结果表明,灰色关联分析法对航空维修差错模式和差错成因之间关系的分析是有效的、可行的。     

基于模糊数学的机务维修中人的可靠性综合评价

基于有关资料数据统计、现场调查研究和理论分析,结合许多专家在人为因素上的研究成果,建立了机务维修中人可靠性评价指标体系,应用层次分析法(AHP)确定了各指标权重.运用模糊综合评价原理构建了机务中人的可靠性模糊综合评价模型,并进行了实例验证,得出了可靠性的综合评价等级.结果表明,该方法简单,易操作,能实现动态的综合评价,...     

Plant Diversity Hotspots in the Atlantic Coastal Forests of Brazil

Abstract:  Plant-diversity hotspots on a global scale are well established, but smaller local hotspots within these must be identified for effective conservation of plants at the global and local scales. We used the distributions of endemic and endemic-threatened species of Myrtaceae to indicate areas of plant diversity and conservation importance within the Atlantic coastal forests ( Mata Atlântica ) of Brazil. We applied 3 simple, inexpensive geographic information system (GIS) techniques to a herbarium specimen database: predictive species-distribution modeling (Maxent); complementarity analysis (DIVA-GIS); and mapping of herbarium specimen collection locations. We also considered collecting intensity, which is an inherent limitation of use of natural history records for biodiversity studies. Two separate areas of endemism were evident: the Serra do Mar mountain range from Paraná to Rio de Janeiro and the coastal forests of northern Espírito Santo and southern Bahia. We identified 12 areas of approximately 35 km² each as priority areas for conservation. These areas had the highest species richness and were highly threatened by urban and agricultural expansion. Observed species occurrences, species occurrences predicted from the model, and results of our complementarity analysis were congruent in identifying those areas with the most endemic species. These areas were then prioritized for conservation importance by comparing ecological data for each.     

Safety climate factors, group differences and safety behaviour in road construction

This study determines the factor structure of safety climate within a road construction organization using a modified version of the safety climate questionnaire (SCQ). It also investigates the relationship between safety climate and safety performance. The SCQ was administered to 192 employees from two districts and in two job categories — construction and maintenance. A behavioural observation measure of safety performance was also developed. Factor analysis derived six factors, which were similar to those obtained in an earlier study using the SCQ. Differences in the safety climate of job sub-groups were found on two of the factors. No differences between the two districts were found. No relationship was found between safety climate and the safety performance measure. While identical safety climate factors cannot apply to all organizations, some general safety climate factors may emerge. Discussion focuses upon the measurement of safety climate.